1. Yay for… ORGANIC MOLECULES! Glucose: Friend or foe?

2. Carbon based molecules are basis of life!  Why Carbon?  Carbon has 4 valence shell electrons

3. Why is that important?  Each of carbon's valence shell electrons can bond with another atom  Carbon can even bond with itself  Carbon can form rings, chains, and other shapes

4. Macromolecules MMeans literally “giant molecules” FFormed by polymerization WWhen large molecules are built by joining smaller ones together 44 main types CCarbohydrates- simple and complex LLipids NNucleic acids pproteins

5. Carbohydrates  Have carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms  In a 1:2:1 ratio  Main source of energy for living things  Glucose used in respiration to make ATP  Examples:  Simple sugars: sucrose, fructose, glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 )  Complex carbohydrates: starches, cellulose, glycogen

6. Uses of Carbohydrates  Storage: glucose forms long chains to be stored as starch (in plants) and glycogen (in animals) for later nutrition  Structure: - glucose forms long chains of cellulose found in plant cell walls - glucose also main part of chitin molecule found in insect exoskeletons

7. Lipids FFats, steroids, phospholipids, waxes UUsed to store energy or build membranes AAll are hydrophobic (don’t like water) GGlycerol head with 1-3 fatty acid tails

8. More about Lipids: Fats  Saturated fats are covered in hydrogen atoms  Unsaturated fats have one or more double-bonded carbons, making them kinked  Kinked fat molecules cannot pack together and clog arteries as well!

9. Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA  DNA and RNA are made of small units called nucleotides  DNA and RNA are called nucleic acids  Made mostly of Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Uracil molecules

10. Proteins MMade of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen MMade of small molecules called amino acids TThere are 20 types of amino acids, which link together to make a protein Side Chain Amino Group Carboxyl Group

11. Function of Proteins  Transport of substances  Structure of cells  Cell and organism movement  Defense against foreign invaders  Helping chemical reactions occur

12. All of these macromolecules combine to make you the exquisite person you are today! Can you name all four macromolecules?