1. 25.1 The Cold War Begins

3. Cold War 1945-1991 Cold War - state of hostility and uneasy relations, just short of direct military conflict, between the US and USSR Cold War - state of hostility and uneasy relations, just short of direct military conflict, between the US and USSR

7. Sources of Tension Communism vs Democracy Communism vs Democracy - communism (totalitarian govt) - communism (totalitarian govt) no rights/freedoms no rights/freedoms - democracy – free elections/freedoms - democracy – free elections/freedoms US wanted free elections in Europe US wanted free elections in Europe USSR installed communist govts in Eastern Europe / wanted to spread communism USSR installed communist govts in Eastern Europe / wanted to spread communism

8. US sent troops to fight the communists in the Russian Revolution of 1917 US sent troops to fight the communists in the Russian Revolution of 1917 - US did not recognize the communist - US did not recognize the communist govt for 16 years govt for 16 years USSR angry the US did not invade Europe until 1944 USSR angry the US did not invade Europe until 1944 USSR signed a treaty with Germany USSR signed a treaty with Germany USSR began weapons build up USSR began weapons build up

9. ** Iron Curtain - imaginary boundary separating Democratic Western Europe and Communist Eastern Europe ** Satellite States – independent countries under the control of a countries under the control of a more powerful nation more powerful nation

13. Containment - Truman’s foreign policy to stop the spread of communism Containment - Truman’s foreign policy to stop the spread of communism Examples: Examples: Truman Doctrine – Aid to nations to Truman Doctrine – Aid to nations to prevent communist takeovers prevent communist takeovers (Greece and Turkey $400 m) (Greece and Turkey $400 m) Marshall Plan - $12.5 billion in economic aid to rebuild war-torn Europe Marshall Plan - $12.5 billion in economic aid to rebuild war-torn Europe

14. Struggle for Germany Germany divided into 4 zones controlled by US, GB, France, USSR (Berlin, in Soviet zone, was also divided) Germany divided into 4 zones controlled by US, GB, France, USSR (Berlin, in Soviet zone, was also divided) 1948, US, GB, France reunite their 3 zones forming West Germany; Soviet zone becomes East Germany 1948, US, GB, France reunite their 3 zones forming West Germany; Soviet zone becomes East Germany

16. USSR responds to reunification by cutting off all access to Berlin (Berlin Blockade); 2.1 million people face starvation USSR responds to reunification by cutting off all access to Berlin (Berlin Blockade); 2.1 million people face starvation Berlin Airlift: US and British planes drop supplies in West Berlin for 327 days Berlin Airlift: US and British planes drop supplies in West Berlin for 327 days Stalin lifts blockade in May 1949 Stalin lifts blockade in May 1949

17. NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) -military alliance between US, Canada, GB, France, and 8 other Western European countries (first peacetime alliance in US history) NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) -military alliance between US, Canada, GB, France, and 8 other Western European countries (first peacetime alliance in US history) Warsaw Pact – military alliance Warsaw Pact – military alliance of the Eastern European countries of the Eastern European countries

18. Homework Read 18.2, “Civil War in China,” pp 613-615 Read 18.2, “Civil War in China,” pp 613-615 Prepare the class notes Prepare the class notes