1. The Cold War

2. The Cold War – An ideological struggle between: Communism vs. Capitalism The East vs. The West USSR vs. USA Warsaw Pact vs. NATO That lasted from 1945-1991

3. Why the conflict between these two countries? Communists believed America was too “individualistic” America believed Communism didn’t represent “American” values of hard work, individualism and the ability to get rich.

4. First Issue of the Cold War… The Fate of Eastern Europe (The Soviets had conquered it at the end of WWII) Stalin said… He needed a “Buffer Zone” against future invasions of USSR

5. Eastern Europe known as… The Eastern Bloc The Dividing Line  The IRON CURTAIN

7. US Response to the Soviet Union: “The Truman Doctrine” or CONTAINMENT We would CONTAIN the spread of communism everywhere

8. Method #1 = Military alliance of non-Communist countries called… NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization

14. Method #2 = Provide Aid to Countries so they wouldn’t “go Communist” The Marshall Plan

24. Soviet Response = The Warsaw Pact (Communist Alliance)

25. First “Battle” of the Cold War = Berlin Crisis A tiny democratic outpost in Communist East Germany… West Berlin

26. The USSR tried to force USA out of city with a blockade USA responds with… the Berlin Airlift (supply the city by air with supplies)

27. After a year… It worked! (Soviets gave up)

31. Eventually the Communists built the Berlin Wall to separate the two halves of the city.

33. First Real Battle of the Cold War: The Korean War (1950-1953) This was… US attempt to keep South Korea from becoming a Communist Country Good example of containment in action

36. American Commander – Douglas McArthur

38. It was a “victory”… South Korea never became Communist.

39. The legacy of the Cold War Today… Two Koreas

63. 1985… Mikhail Gorbachev Soviet economy was crumbling (too much money on nukes) Perestroika … a little bit of capitalism Glasnost (openness) … allowed freedom of speech Summits … limit the number of nuclear weapons

71. Eastern Bloc inspired by… Glasnost in USSR 1989 = “The Year of Revolutions” Communist just disappeared 1989 … Poland  rejected Communism (always the least willing) Leader of resistance … Lech Walesa Political Party … Solidarity Voted out the Communists 1989 … East Germany  rejected communism Tore down Berlin Wall 1991 – German Reunification Glasnost inspires … nationalism First to leave … the Baltic States (Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia) 1991 - The USSR votes itself out of existence Boris Yeltsin Russia controlled by a handful of rich businessmen (oligarchs)

72. Leadership of Vladimir Putin Continued tension… Chechnya / Dagestan