1.  Chapter 16

2.  Cotton Gin = Demand for slavery  Cotton = Dominant Southern crop  Cotton Kingdom ---- Agricultural Factory o More slaves / land  Cotton = ½ value of American exports after 1840 o ½ the worlds cotton ---- Britain (75%)

3.  South o Oligarchy ---- Government by few o 1,733 families owned more than 100 slaves Political and social leadership o Widened gap between the rich and poor o Women Staff – female slaves

4.  “Land Butchery” o Push west  Instability of plantation system o Overspeculate – land / slaves o Slaves = heavy investment $1,200 o Crop stability o Repelled European immigration Most Anglo-Saxon

5.  ¼ owned slaves or belonged to slaveholding family  Poor / Non-slaveholding o “Poor White Trash” – “Hillbillies” – “Crackers”  Mountain Whites o Andrew Johnson

6.  1860 --- Third Race o 250,000 free blacks = South o Mulattoes – mix o Purchased freedom Owned property New Orleans o Discrimination o Unpopular in the North 250,000 Discrimination Irish o Fredrick Douglas

7.  Slave traded ended in 1808  West African Squadron o Seized slave ships = Freed thousands  “Black Ivory” = smuggled  Internal = Natural reproduction  Primary form of wealth = South  Breeders o Promised freedom o Masters = fathering  Families separated

8.  Dawn to Dusk  No civil or political rights  Floggings = whip  Breakers  Religion o Responsorial = amens  Black Belt o Deep South o South Carolina / Georgia to Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana o Mississippi = 75% o Family life more stable

9.  Denied an education o Laws passed  Slowed work = “laziness”  Sabotage / Poison  Runaways o Nat Turner o Amistad = 1839 Spanish slave ship Seized ship Coast of Cuba Tried to sail back to Africa Ended up in Long Island Eventually freed

10.  Quakers  2 nd Great Awakening  American Colonization Society = 1817 o Transport slaves back to Africa Liberia 15,000 Abraham Lincoln  Lane Rebels o Lane Theological Seminary o Theodore Dwight Weld o Ohio o 18 day debate = Antislavery gospel o Expelled

11.  William Lloyd Garrison o The Liberator = Broadside o Stern / Uncompromising o Radical  American Anti-Slavery Society  Sojourner Truth o Freed o N.Y. o Emancipation / Women’s rights

12.  Fredrick Douglas o Freed slave = 1838 o Eloquent / Speaker o The North Star o Narrative of the life of Fredrick Douglas o Used politics to promote abolition

13.  After 1832 the South holds tightly onto slavery  Virginia Legislature debates emancipation proposals o Defeats proposals = Turning point o Rebellions / Nullification crisis  Gag Resolution o Antislavery appeals = tabled without debate  Destroyed Abolitionist propaganda