1. Crop production reflections Bob Martin

2. HIGH FIVE! We can exceed Cambodia’s estimated potential yields and we have reached 80% of theoretical maximum yields Yield gaps

3. Identifying production constraints at farm level? Production team Socio Economics, Marketing, Value-Chain Biological constraints -Crop species and variety -Weeds, diseases, insect pests Physical/chemical constraints -soil/water problems -Soil fertility Socio-economic constraints -Costs & returns, credit -Traditions & attitudes -Knowledge -Input availability & cost -Labour availability & cost -Institutions

4. Village clusters 2009 Samlaut Boeung Run Kampong Touk Kantout Sre Reach Pailin Baysey Bor Tangsu Ou Ro El Prey Santeah

5. Clusters in Samlaut Kampong Touk Boeung Run Kantout Sre Reach

6. Clusters in Pailin

7. Implications of increasing labour costs for small holder farmers

8. Farmers will need to increase yields and/or reduce input costs

9. Options available? Reducing dependence on labour – S&E implications? Mechanisation – most ploughing and sowing in Pailin is already by tractor – next step machine harvesting? Increased yields – weed and pest control, seed quality, fertiliser, legume rotations? Improve access to crop inputs – up the value chain? Local value-adding?

10. We now have excellent data to test the theories – so it is down to serious business from here on in the project Integration