1. Page 1 ValuES Workshop, Tashkent, Nov 19-20 Ecosystems and Ecosystem Services An Introduction

2. Page 2 A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment (Oxford Dictionary) What is an Ecosystem? Definition

3. Page 3 Which aspects of an Ecosystem can you see here? Rodney Jackson

4. Page 4 Which aspects of an Ecosystem can you see here?

5. Page 5 Ugam Chatkal

6. Page 6 Central Asia Mountain Ecosystems Nick Bartel and ORIASАндрей Лебедев

7. Page 7 What are Ecosystem Services? Take a guess ! iNkubusse

8. Page 8 The direct and indirect contributions of ecosystems to human well-being (MA 2005) What are Ecosystem Services? Definition

9. Page 9 1: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood#mediaviewer/File:Gelugu_%28coconut_wood%29_in_Klaten,_Java.jpg Friedrich Böhringer Sze Sze Soo © 2004 psychoactiveherbs.com 1 Provisioning Cultural Supporting Regulating Gilabrand Provisioning Provisioning Services are the material or energy outputs from ecosystems. They include food, fresh water, fuel, natural medicines and other resources.

10. Page 10 Provisioning Cultural Supporting Regulating Krister Valtonen CO 2 1 Tomas Costelazo Timothy Swinson Regulating Benefits obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes, like air quality regulation, climate regulation, water purification, erosion control, pest control, and others.

11. Page 11 ONE Word - Summary Provisioning Cultural Supporting Regulating 1 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Kkmd Cultural Often non-material benefits provided through recreation, knowledge, relaxation and spiritual reflection.

12. Page 12 ONE Word - Summary Provisioning Cultural Supporting Regulating Alborzagros Changed from S. Reznichenko شهریار Ben Schumin Marek Szczepanek Supporting The services that are necessary for the production of all other ecosystem services including soil formation, photosynthesis, primary production, nutrient cycling and water cycling.

13. Page 13 Ecosystem Services

14. Page 14 Ecosystem Services and Development? Ecosystem degradation is threatening human development (Short-term) economic development Long-term losses due to environmental degradation Undermining of ecosystems’ ability to provide vital services

15. Page 15 Why Ecosystem Services? Anthropocentric approach that resonates with decisionmakers and general public Many types of ecosystem service assessments and valuations Economic valuation has shown to be influential in planning Natural services generally underestimated Including natural services (through valuation) Raising awareness

16. Page 16 Ecosystem Services –Spatial Issues? Soil fertility Aesthetic view Tourism Water Nutrients N Genetic resources Local community

17. Page 17 Example: Panamá Canal Stan Shebs Economic gains vs. Ecological losses  Fresh water supply  Migration patterns

18. Page 18 Example: Aral Sea Peter Durtschi

19. Page 19 How has human activity affected the services provided by ecosystems? Do you know more examples?

20. Page 20 Fazit Ecosystem services – the array of benefits provided by nature – are the lifeblood of human societies, economies and identities around the world. For many rural populations, ecosystem services form an essential part of daily activities and longstanding traditions. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2004 So why longer ignore them?

21. Page 21 Thank you for your attention!

22. Page 22 Discussion "In this world, cost benefit analysis and dollars are how decisions get made…When nature and the benefits that nature are not converted to dollars then it can't be on the table for those discussions and, in a way, nature's not getting credit for what it's doing."