1. November 2-6, 2015 Realism, Naturalism, Regionalism

2. 2 nd November 2015  Quickwrite: What did you do for Halloween? Did you enjoy yourself?  Essential Questions: What is Dark Romanticism? What characteristics does Dark Romanticism have? What are some Dark Romantic themes we see in today’s literature and art?  Quickwrite: What did you do for Halloween? Did you enjoy yourself?  Essential Questions: What is Dark Romanticism? What characteristics does Dark Romanticism have? What are some Dark Romantic themes we see in today’s literature and art?

3. What is a motif?  Motif is an object or idea that repeats itself throughout a literary work. It will show up often and consistently in order to help elaborate on a central theme or idea of a piece of literary work.  For Example: The repeated words “Quote the Raven, ‘Nevermore’” are an example of motif in Edgar Allen Poe’s famous poem. The insistence with which the words are repeated start to drive the reader a bit mad, just as the narrator is driven mad.  Another Example: One key motif in Arthur Miller’s The Crucible is that of accusations and confessions. The increasing power of the confessions crescendos in the play until the character of John Proctor refuses to make the confession that he is being forced to make.  Motif is an object or idea that repeats itself throughout a literary work. It will show up often and consistently in order to help elaborate on a central theme or idea of a piece of literary work.  For Example: The repeated words “Quote the Raven, ‘Nevermore’” are an example of motif in Edgar Allen Poe’s famous poem. The insistence with which the words are repeated start to drive the reader a bit mad, just as the narrator is driven mad.  Another Example: One key motif in Arthur Miller’s The Crucible is that of accusations and confessions. The increasing power of the confessions crescendos in the play until the character of John Proctor refuses to make the confession that he is being forced to make.

4. The Black Cat  Read the story within your groups.  Once you are done reading, answer the comprehension questions. You may discuss your answers with your group, but you must turn in YOUR OWN PAPER.  After you are done with the comprehension questions, you are to read pages 464-473. You may (hint, hint) have a quiz tomorrow on this information.  Read the story within your groups.  Once you are done reading, answer the comprehension questions. You may discuss your answers with your group, but you must turn in YOUR OWN PAPER.  After you are done with the comprehension questions, you are to read pages 464-473. You may (hint, hint) have a quiz tomorrow on this information.

5. Closing  Give a brief summary of The Black Cat

6. 3 November 2015  Quickwrite: What do you believe Realism means? What types of writing do you believe Realist create?  Essential Questions: What is Realism? What literary forms did writers use to discuss social and political issues during this time period (1850-1914)? How did popular literature reflect the era’s social and political issues?  Quickwrite: What do you believe Realism means? What types of writing do you believe Realist create?  Essential Questions: What is Realism? What literary forms did writers use to discuss social and political issues during this time period (1850-1914)? How did popular literature reflect the era’s social and political issues?

7. Realism (1850-1900)  Realism was an artistic and literary movement that focused on the reality of everyday life and ordinary people.  Realism sought to explain behavior of people both psychologically and socially.  Common subjects were: rapidly growing cities, factories replacing farms, poor factory workers, corrupt politicians, etc.  Realism was an artistic and literary movement that focused on the reality of everyday life and ordinary people.  Realism sought to explain behavior of people both psychologically and socially.  Common subjects were: rapidly growing cities, factories replacing farms, poor factory workers, corrupt politicians, etc.

8. Civil War (1861-1865)  Realism sprung forth during the Civil War and picked up speed post-war.  Much of Realism focuses on slavery, the damage of war, and the loss of America’s innocence.  Realism is typically written in honest, objective styles. Realism, after all, is supposed to be reflective of reality.  In Realism, the characters are more important than the plot. Characters are complex, layered characters. There is a large focus on inner-thoughts and psychology of characters.  Realism sprung forth during the Civil War and picked up speed post-war.  Much of Realism focuses on slavery, the damage of war, and the loss of America’s innocence.  Realism is typically written in honest, objective styles. Realism, after all, is supposed to be reflective of reality.  In Realism, the characters are more important than the plot. Characters are complex, layered characters. There is a large focus on inner-thoughts and psychology of characters.

9. Some Themes of the Era  Rags to Riches: Due to a growing number of citizens struggling against poverty (especially in the city), many people began to read stories of young men finding fame and fortune through right- thinking and moral actions.  Twists & Turns: Stories that had “ordinary” characters whose lives were subjected to coincidence and chance. Often these stories were humorous.  The West: Romantic view of traveling west—often exciting tales of cowboys.  The Common Man: Stories began to focus on everyday people, rather than fantastical stories of unlikely events.  Rags to Riches: Due to a growing number of citizens struggling against poverty (especially in the city), many people began to read stories of young men finding fame and fortune through right- thinking and moral actions.  Twists & Turns: Stories that had “ordinary” characters whose lives were subjected to coincidence and chance. Often these stories were humorous.  The West: Romantic view of traveling west—often exciting tales of cowboys.  The Common Man: Stories began to focus on everyday people, rather than fantastical stories of unlikely events.

10. Literary Forms  Spirituals: a form of literature usually sung. This form of literature sprung forth from slavery—a major social and political issue of the time.  Life Stories: Dramatic non-fiction accounts of lives during this time period that shed light on many issues of the era.  Fiction: stories that related to the issues of the time.  Journalism: Newspapers, editorials, essays, and public letters that exposed corruption, scandal, and incompetence of American Industries.  Spirituals: a form of literature usually sung. This form of literature sprung forth from slavery—a major social and political issue of the time.  Life Stories: Dramatic non-fiction accounts of lives during this time period that shed light on many issues of the era.  Fiction: stories that related to the issues of the time.  Journalism: Newspapers, editorials, essays, and public letters that exposed corruption, scandal, and incompetence of American Industries.

11. Point of View is the perspective or vantage point from which a story is told. Types of P.O.V. 1. First Person: The narrator is one of the characters; the reader is only told what the character knows and observes. 2. Objective: The narrator is impersonal and describes only what an observer would see—there are no real opinions of feelings in what is described. 3. Omniscient: The all-knowing narrator describes multiple characters’ thoughts, feelings, and actions. 4. Limited 3 rd Person: The narrator describes the feelings and perceptions of only one character. The reader’s information is limited to what a single character feels, thinks, and observes. Point of View is the perspective or vantage point from which a story is told. Types of P.O.V. 1. First Person: The narrator is one of the characters; the reader is only told what the character knows and observes. 2. Objective: The narrator is impersonal and describes only what an observer would see—there are no real opinions of feelings in what is described. 3. Omniscient: The all-knowing narrator describes multiple characters’ thoughts, feelings, and actions. 4. Limited 3 rd Person: The narrator describes the feelings and perceptions of only one character. The reader’s information is limited to what a single character feels, thinks, and observes.

12. Ambrose Bierce (1842-1914)  Born in Ohio, raised on a farm in Indiana.  Self-educated, then attended a military academy in Kentucky.  Joined the Union Army during the Civil War.  After the Civil War he became a Journalist in San Francisco. He was called, “The Wickedest Man in San Francisco” due to his cynical and malicious commentary.  Wrote two volumes of his own short stories about civil war. They were Tales of Soldiers and Civilians (1891) and Can Such Things Be? (1893).  Unknown death—though many believe he died in the siege of Ojinaga in 1914 while traveling to Mexico.  Born in Ohio, raised on a farm in Indiana.  Self-educated, then attended a military academy in Kentucky.  Joined the Union Army during the Civil War.  After the Civil War he became a Journalist in San Francisco. He was called, “The Wickedest Man in San Francisco” due to his cynical and malicious commentary.  Wrote two volumes of his own short stories about civil war. They were Tales of Soldiers and Civilians (1891) and Can Such Things Be? (1893).  Unknown death—though many believe he died in the siege of Ojinaga in 1914 while traveling to Mexico.

13. An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge 1.Define the words listed on #1 on the packet. 2.Read Pages 481-489 –after reading each section, complete the questions on the chart. You should answer these questions for EACH section of the story. There are THREE sections. 3.Once you are done reading, complete questions 2-9. 1.Define the words listed on #1 on the packet. 2.Read Pages 481-489 –after reading each section, complete the questions on the chart. You should answer these questions for EACH section of the story. There are THREE sections. 3.Once you are done reading, complete questions 2-9.

14. Closing / Due Today  Closing: Name one theme from the Realism Era.  Due Today: Section 1 Chart & The Definitions  Closing: Name one theme from the Realism Era.  Due Today: Section 1 Chart & The Definitions

15. 4 November 2015  Quickwrite: What do you believe are the main differences between Romanticism and Realism? What social and political issues may have influenced this sudden change in literature? Consider our American history.  Essential Questions: What is Realism? What literary forms did writers use to discuss social and political issues during this time period (1850-1914)? How did popular literature reflect the era’s social and political issues?  Quickwrite: What do you believe are the main differences between Romanticism and Realism? What social and political issues may have influenced this sudden change in literature? Consider our American history.  Essential Questions: What is Realism? What literary forms did writers use to discuss social and political issues during this time period (1850-1914)? How did popular literature reflect the era’s social and political issues?

16. An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge 1. Finish reading An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge (481-489) [20 minutes] 2. Complete the chart questions 1-5 for sections II and III of the story. [15 minutes] 3. Complete questions 2-9 on the first page of the packet. [15 minutes] 1. Finish reading An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge (481-489) [20 minutes] 2. Complete the chart questions 1-5 for sections II and III of the story. [15 minutes] 3. Complete questions 2-9 on the first page of the packet. [15 minutes]

17. An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge Watch Twilight Episode of An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge and answer the following questions: 1.What were two major differences you noticed between the film and the written story? What sort of information is gained/lost in the Twilight episode of the story? 2.What changes did the Twilight Zone episode make in telling the story? In what ways did the episode show the different points of view? Give at least two specific examples and how it either enhanced or diminished your understanding of the story. 3.There was very little dialogue within the Twilight Episode—so how did the episode show us what Peyton Farquhar was being hanged for? Do believe this was an effective move? Why? Complete questions 10 & 11 of the packet. Watch Twilight Episode of An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge and answer the following questions: 1.What were two major differences you noticed between the film and the written story? What sort of information is gained/lost in the Twilight episode of the story? 2.What changes did the Twilight Zone episode make in telling the story? In what ways did the episode show the different points of view? Give at least two specific examples and how it either enhanced or diminished your understanding of the story. 3.There was very little dialogue within the Twilight Episode—so how did the episode show us what Peyton Farquhar was being hanged for? Do believe this was an effective move? Why? Complete questions 10 & 11 of the packet.

18. Closing & Due Today  Closing: How did you feel about the ending of the story, An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge? Was it surprising? How did you react? Explain.  Due Today: Sections 1-3 Chart Questions, 1-11 Reading Packet Questions, and Movie/Reading comparison.  Closing: How did you feel about the ending of the story, An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge? Was it surprising? How did you react? Explain.  Due Today: Sections 1-3 Chart Questions, 1-11 Reading Packet Questions, and Movie/Reading comparison.

19. 5 November 2015  Quickwrite: Why do you believe people read journal and diary entries from the past? Would you want someone to read your diary/journal many years from now? Why or why not? Do you believe we should continue to read journals/diary entries from the past? Why or why not?  Essential Questions: What is Realism? What literary forms did writers use to discuss social and political issues during this time period (1850-1914)? How did popular literature reflect the era’s social and political issues?  Quickwrite: Why do you believe people read journal and diary entries from the past? Would you want someone to read your diary/journal many years from now? Why or why not? Do you believe we should continue to read journals/diary entries from the past? Why or why not?  Essential Questions: What is Realism? What literary forms did writers use to discuss social and political issues during this time period (1850-1914)? How did popular literature reflect the era’s social and political issues?

20. Diaries & Journals Diaries and journals are personal records of events, thoughts, feelings, and observations that have the following traits:  They are written informally in a series of dated entries.  They express the writers’ immediate responses to the events.  They use the first-person pronouns I and we. They tell us about a writer’s beliefs, political leanings, values, and experiences in life. Many journals and diaries, especially during war times, can be especially powerful in shedding light on historical events. Diaries and journals are personal records of events, thoughts, feelings, and observations that have the following traits:  They are written informally in a series of dated entries.  They express the writers’ immediate responses to the events.  They use the first-person pronouns I and we. They tell us about a writer’s beliefs, political leanings, values, and experiences in life. Many journals and diaries, especially during war times, can be especially powerful in shedding light on historical events.

21. Generating Questions Generating questions, or asking questions about a text as you read, can help you focus your reading and better your understanding of an author’s purpose and perspective in historical documents. As you read, you should ask yourself questions like…  What prompts the writer to record these experiences?  What does the writer feel or believe about their subject? Why?  Does the writer state opinions, feelings, or beliefs directly or implicitly through observation and descriptions?  What clues suggest an opinion or belief is being stated? Generating questions, or asking questions about a text as you read, can help you focus your reading and better your understanding of an author’s purpose and perspective in historical documents. As you read, you should ask yourself questions like…  What prompts the writer to record these experiences?  What does the writer feel or believe about their subject? Why?  Does the writer state opinions, feelings, or beliefs directly or implicitly through observation and descriptions?  What clues suggest an opinion or belief is being stated?

22. Today  We will read Road Work (handout) and Mary Chesnut’s Civil War (p. 495-499) together.  After we are done reading, we respond to the tasks listed on the handout at your desks titled “ Note-Taking Guide ”  We will read Road Work (handout) and Mary Chesnut’s Civil War (p. 495-499) together.  After we are done reading, we respond to the tasks listed on the handout at your desks titled “ Note-Taking Guide ”

23. 6 November 2015  Quickwrite: Based on your opinion— What is the “average” U.S. citizen’s life like? What do you believe the majority of Americans live like (how much money do they make, what do they eat, what sort of place to they live, etc.)?  Essential Questions: What is Realism? What literary forms did writers use to discuss social and political issues during this time period (1850-1914)? How did popular literature reflect the era’s social and political issues?  Quickwrite: Based on your opinion— What is the “average” U.S. citizen’s life like? What do you believe the majority of Americans live like (how much money do they make, what do they eat, what sort of place to they live, etc.)?  Essential Questions: What is Realism? What literary forms did writers use to discuss social and political issues during this time period (1850-1914)? How did popular literature reflect the era’s social and political issues?

24. Your Task With your group (or independently), read the assigned selection for your table and complete the Note-Taking Guide for your assigned reading. Once you are done with the note-taking guide, summarize your reading.  Groups 1-3 will read Recollections of A Private (p. 500-501)  Groups 4-6 will read A Confederate Account of the Battle of Gettysburg (p. 502-503) When you finish, complete the assignments for An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge if you have not already done so. The work must be complete in order for you to receive full credit. With your group (or independently), read the assigned selection for your table and complete the Note-Taking Guide for your assigned reading. Once you are done with the note-taking guide, summarize your reading.  Groups 1-3 will read Recollections of A Private (p. 500-501)  Groups 4-6 will read A Confederate Account of the Battle of Gettysburg (p. 502-503) When you finish, complete the assignments for An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge if you have not already done so. The work must be complete in order for you to receive full credit.

25. Closing & Due today Closing: What is the importance of generating questions while reading? Explain. Due Today:  Charts 1-3 for An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge  1-11 Packet Questions  Note-Taking Guide for Road Work, Mary Chesnut, and Assigned Reading. Closing: What is the importance of generating questions while reading? Explain. Due Today:  Charts 1-3 for An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge  1-11 Packet Questions  Note-Taking Guide for Road Work, Mary Chesnut, and Assigned Reading.