1. © 2014, 2012, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Sociology: A Down-to-Earth Approach, 12e James M. Henslin Chapter 20 Population and Urbanization

2. © 2014, 2012, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. A Planet with No Space for Enjoying Life? The New Malthusians: In 1798, Thomas Malthus analyzed the surge in Europe’s population. He concluded that the world’s population will outstrip its food supply. The Anti-Malthusians: The debate between today’s New Malthusians and those who disagree, the Anti-Malthusians, continues. –Who Is Correct? –Why Are People Starving?

3. © 2014, 2012, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Large families on U.S. farms used to be common. Children helped plant and harvest crops, take care of animals, and prepare food. As the country industrialized and urbanized, children became nonproducers, making them expensive to have around. Consequently, the size of families shrank as we entered Stage 3 of the demographic transition. The two adult sons in this 1890s Minnesota farm family are likely from their father’s first wife who died.

4. © 2014, 2012, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

7. One of the rats in the research reported on BioFoods.

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9. Photos of starving children, such as this child in Somalia, haunt Americans and other members of the Most Industrialized Nations. Many of us wonder why, when some are starving, we should live in the midst of such abundance, often overeating and even casually scraping excess food into the garbage. As in this photo I took in San Antonio, Texas, we even have eating contests to see who can eat the most food in the least time.

10. © 2014, 2012, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Population Growth Why the Least Industrialized Nations Have So Many Children: –children are often viewed as gifts from God. In addition, they cost little to rear, contribute to the family income at an early age, and provide the parents’ social security. These are powerful motivations to have large families.

11. © 2014, 2012, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Population Growth Consequences of Rapid Population Growth: demographers use fertility, mortality, and migration. They follow the basic demographic equation, births minus deaths plus net migration equals the growth rate. Population Pyramids as a Tool for Understanding

12. © 2014, 2012, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

18. This couple is sitting in the grand prize they won for participating in the Day of Conception and giving birth on Russia Day.

19. © 2014, 2012, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chinese officials have become concerned about the lopsided gender ratio that their “one couple, one child” policy has produced. Their recent billboards continue to promote this policy, but by featuring a female child they are trying to reduce female infanticide.

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21. Targeting female fetuses for abortion has become a main issue of the emerging feminist movement in India.