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Pax Romana Roman Peace
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Begins with the rule of Augustus Caesar www.uoregon.edu/~arthist/arthist_204/monumentimages/primaporta_augustus.gif Defeats forces of Marc Antony and Cleopatra Solidifies power around 27 B.C. Becomes “Emperor of Rome”
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Pax Romana Economic Impact Established uniform system of money - expands trade Guaranteed safe travel and trade in empire –Army - Roman legions –Great road system - 50,000 miles of highway –Promoted prosperity
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Pax Romana Social Impact Returned stability of social classes Increased emphasis on family
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Pax Romana Political Impact Created Civil Service Developed uniform rule of law –12 Tables –Jus Gentium– non citizen law –Jus Civile--- Laws for all Roman Citizens 1. all persons are innocent until proven guilty. 2. You have the right to a fair trial
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Rulers of Pax Romana Julian Rulers (14-68 A.D.) Army Rulers (68-69 A.D.) Flavian Rulers (69-96 A.D.) Five Good Emperors (96-180 A.D.)
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Julian Rulers All descendents of Julius Caesar
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Nero thepaolas.com/Emperors/Emperors/Scans/Nero.jpg Rules from 54-68 A.D. Good administrator but vicious –Responsible for many murders including his own mother –Rebuild Rome after great fire – possibly set by Nero to persecute Christians –Had Peter (crucifixion) and Paul (beheaded) executed
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Five Good Emperors Nerva (96-98) Trajan (98-117) – Rome expands to greatest extent Hadrian (117-138) – Solidified conquests and set up postal service – Hadrian’s wall Antoninius Pius (138-161) Marcus Aurelius (161-180) Barbaric invasions begin – Pax Romana dies with him
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Fall of the Roman Empire Begins with rule of Commodus, Marcus Aurelius’ son
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Three Stages of Decline 1.“Crisis of the Third Century” – many economic, military, and political problems 2.Time of revival – empire cut into two halves (Eastern half is strengthened but West continues spiral) 3.Western half falls to Barbaric invaders
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Crisis Weakens Empire Contributing Factors
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Economic Decay Poor Harvests Disrupted trade (Barbarians) No more plunder from wars Gold and Silver drain Inflation– due to filling coins with copper Crushing tax burden
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Political Decay Political office seen as burden, not reward Military interference in politics Civil War and unrest Division of Empire Moving capital to Byzantium
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Military Decay Threat from Persians and barbarians Low funds for defense Problems recruiting Roman citizens – recruiting of Barbarians Decline of patriotism an loyalty among soldiers
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Social Decay Lack of interest in public affairs Low confidence in empire Disloyalty, lack of patriotism, corruption Contrast between rich and poor
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Immediate Causes of Fall Pressure from the Huns Invasion by Germanic tribes and by Huns
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Important Emperors of The Move
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Diocletian www.stephen.j.murray.btinternet.co.uk/diocletian.jpg Rules 284-305 Split empire in two parts – takes control of Eastern empire and names some else to rule the western half Tries to stop inflation
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wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/262/268312/art/figures/KISH_07_149.gif
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Constantine www.mingyuen.edu.hk/history/5rome/03king/constantine.jpg Converts to Christianity Reunites both halves of empire Moves capital from Rome to Constantinople (Byzantium)
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Theodosius Makes Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire
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Invading Barbarian Invaders Goths (Ostrogoths / Visagoths) Franks Vandals Saxons Burgundians Lombards
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wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/262/268312/art/figures/KISH_06_140b.gif
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Important Invaders Attila the Hun
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