1. Unit 6 Seminar SC300 – Big Ideas in Science Heredity, Structure, and Function

2. Welcome to Unit 6 of Big Ideas in Science! Seminar will begin at the top of the hour. Feel free to talk amongst yourselves or message me on AIM until then. I expect that all of you have read and prepared for tonight’s Seminar. We have a lot to cover tonight and we will be moving fairly quickly. I am also available during office hours each week by AIM, so send me a message if you have questions, comments, or concerns.

3. Okay, it is time to get started… Remember to answer questions asked of you, ask questions if you have them, and try to have fun this hour. Start any questions you have for me with MATT: and do the same if speaking to a classmate.

4. EVERYONE: Questions or comments before we begin?

5. As living things on the planet have changed over millions of years, they have adapted to their particular environments. Most features of any living thing have evolved over time to help that being survive. For example, cactus plants have evolved their thick, water-trapping cell structure to help them survive months in the desert without rain. Similarly, different species of birds have evolved different beak shapes that are well-suited to the particular kind of food they eat. This process can be very slow, taking thousands of years for a creature to acquire a new, helpful (adaptive) characteristic. As creatures with the new characteristic are more successful at (1) surviving and (2) finding mates, they undergo natural selection, and the adaptive traits become more and more common.

6. For this seminar, you will simulate an example of natural selection with the words you use. When I announce "START," you should have a chat about the weather in your area—the only hitch is that you may not use the letter 'e'’ in anything that you type. Any words that contain the letter 'e' will be ignored. You and your classmates will talk about the weather in your area for five minutes total, after which I will announce "STOP," and you will be allowed to use the letter 'e' again.

7. In your new, 'e'-free environment, what adaptations to language did you and your classmates make?

8. What things were more difficult to talk about, and why? What word(s) did you want to use, but couldn't?

9. Let's try the experiment again, but this time you will discuss sports without using the letter “u”. When I say START, discuss your favorite sport(s) and ask your classmates about their favorite sports. Any words containing the letter “u” will be ignored. After 5 minutes, I will say STOP and you will again be able to use the letter “u”.

10. In your new, 'u'-free environment, what adaptations to language did you and your classmates make?

11. What things were more difficult to talk about, and why? What word(s) did you want to use, but couldn't?

12. Think about this experiment as a way to show how changes in environment force creatures (like you) to adapt and change. Now, think about squirrels. What might happen to them if all the oak trees (and therefore acorns) died out?

13. What adaptations might they have to make to adjust to the acorn-free world?

14. How might these changes affect their body structures?

15. After 50,000 years of living in an acorn-free world, how might squirrels look?

16. Why does this kind of evolutionary change take so long?

17. What is natural selection?

18. EVERYONE: Questions or comments?

19. That’s the end of Seminar. I hope you had fun and learned something along the way. If you have questions, comments, or concerns, feel free to ask now or contact me via AIM at KaplanProfMatt during office hours or via email at mlowe@kaplan.edu.mlowe@kaplan.edu See you next week!