1. Chordates and Fish

2. What is a chordate? Members of the KINGDOM ANIMALIA and the PHYLUM CHORDATA They have a dorsal, hollow nerve cord and a notocord

3. Chordates have ●pharyngeal pouches (become gills) ●Tail - extends beyond anus Most chordates are vertebrates (SUBPHYLUM VERTEBRATA)

4. Chordates that are NOT vertebrates: Sea Squirts or Tunicates

5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1z-eDYfQdxw

6. Lancelet

7. Chordate Anatomy

8. Consider this.... All vertebrates are chordates................. But not all chordates are vertebrates. NO WAY!!!!

9. What is a vertebrate? -Animals with a backbone (and endoskeleton) -Have spinal cord (dorsal, hollow nerve cord) -Front end of spinal cord develops a brain

11. Crash Course in Chordates - 12 minutes

12. Vertebrate Classes ● Jawless Fish (lamprey, hagfish) ● Cartilage Fish (sharks, rays…) ● Bony Fish (salmon, catfish, goldfish…) ● Amphibians (frogs, salamanders…) ● Reptiles (lizards, turtles…) ● Birds (sparrows, hawks…) ● Mammals (humans, whales, cats..)

13. What are Fish? * Anything with gills, scales, and fins… ● 1st Fish were jawless ● Devonian Period - "Age of Fishes” Fossil of a devonian fish with jaws and armored plates https://www.youtube.com/wat ch?v=n4h2UWPyYPM

14. Form & Function 1. Circulation

15. Fish have a two chambered heart – blood is passed over the gills where it picks up oxygen

16. 2. Respiration ● Water passes over GILLS, oxygen is added ● Some fish have gill covers – OPERCULUM ● Some fish have special organs to serve as lungs (Lungfish)

17. 3. Excretion ●Homeostasis: maintaining water balance ●Salt water fish tend to lose water ●Freshwater fish tend to gain water *This is why you can’t put a salt water fish in a fresh water tank *The salmon can do both

18. 4. The Nervous System Response - Cerebrum - thinking, voluntary activities - Cerebellum - coordination - Medulla Oblongata - functions of internal organs - Lateral Line System - senses vibrations

19. Other Fish Adaptations A. Swim Bladder – maintains buoyancy (like a balloon) Sharks do not have a swim bladder, if they stop swimming, they sink.

20. B. FINS

21. C. SCALES Scales cover and protect the fish Mucus on scales help fish swim

23. 5. Reproduction Spawning – fish lay eggs that are fertilized externally Some fish bear live young This 1 minute video shows a lemon shark give birth to live young. Some sharks lay eggs.

24. Salmon Video at National Geographic http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/news/141209-canada-salmon-run-vin?source=relatedvideo

26. TYPES OF FISH Jawless fish: lamprey and hagfish Lamprey is a parasite, it attaches to other fish and sucks their blood Hagfish is a scavenger, it lives in the ocean and is known for its slimy secretions

29. Cartilage Fish Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata CLASS CHONDRICHTHYES Sharks and Rays

32. Manta Rays https://www.youtube.com/watch?v =yfgJx-ShRGI Flying Rays: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v =cqNxco4xcpI

33. SHARKS *The pectoral fins of sharks do not move * Sharks do not have an operculum or a swim bladder *sharks will sink if they stop swimming

38. Basking Shark is a filter feeder

40. Ninja Sharks!!!!!!!!!!!

41. BONY FISH Class OSTEICHTHYES Two types of bony fish Ray-Finned – have rays in their fins Lobe- Finned – have thick chunky fins

42. Is this picture real or fake?

43. Cichlids

44. Coelacanth: living fossil, lobe-finned

45. Clown Fish (Nemo)

46. Kissing Fish

52. Lion Fish

53. The puffer fish uses air to expand its body to look intimidating to predators

54. Snakehead Catfish

55. http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/animals/index.html

56. https://www.youtube.com/wat ch?v=jBEaHLDc-ow