1. The High Middle Ages

2. Introduction High Middle Ages followed the Dark Ages Peaked between 1000 – 1340 In this period:  Problems arise in the Church  Different forms of government emerge  Growth of towns and trade weaken feudal system

3. The Age of Faith: Church Reforms By A.D. 1000 the Church had developed many faults  Not all clergy accepted the pope as leader  Disagreements over the powers of the pope  Many clergy poorly educated  Many priests accused of being lazy or drunks  Many clergy had wives which went against the Church  Bishops lived like nobles  All levels of clergy appeared to be too much under the influence of kings and lords

4. The Age of Faith: Church Reforms Problems resulted in Pope Leo IX starting a system of reforms in 1049 At Council of Reims, in France, he dismissed many bishops for buying religious position This practice of buying called simony Cardinals held councils to punish immoral clergy Leo’s policies led to split between Catholic Christians in west and Orthodox Christians in east (AD 1054)

5. The Age of Faith: Church Reforms Later reforms set stricter rules for clergy, allowed only cardinals to pick pope, and forbade bishops to swear loyalty to kings These reforms made popes stronger Most powerful – Innocent III (1198 – 1216) Innocent III made many kings swear support to him and waged many wars on those who opposed Church’s teachings Innocent III also ordered bishops to set up inquisitions

6. The Age of Faith: Church Reforms Inquisitions were to examine those Christians who seemed not to believe in teachings of the Church Those who admitted were punished Those who refused to confess were handed over to the king’s officials and executed by burning

7. The Age of Faith: Church and Everyday Life During 12 th century kings and nobles gave land to set up many new monasteries Each followed its own rules or “orders” Getting rich main goal of many orders 13 th century a new set of orders emerged These orders more concerned with preaching to the poor and living simply Most famous were the Franciscans (established by St. Francis of Assisi)

8. The Age of Faith: Church and Everyday Life New orders offered to improve education Around 1200 the Church allowed the start of universities. Bologna, Paris, and Oxford most important 13 th century – church bells marked the start and end of working day Holy days (nearly 100/year) were seen as holidays Parish church was were people met and village market was held outside the church

9. The Age of Faith: Church and Everyday Life Many people gave land to build cathedrals, monasteries, etc People feared that if God was not pleased with them their souls would burn so Sunday services emerged and so did confession Churches and cathedrals became very beautiful (artwork, stained class, carvings, sculptures)