1. Topic: Earthquakes and Society PSSA: 3.5.7.A / S8.D.1.1

2. Objective:  TLW explain how earthquake hazard level is determined.  TLW explain the gap hypothesis.  TLW explain how people in earthquake zones prepare for quakes.

3. MI #1: Earthquake Hazard  Earthquake hazard is a measurement of how likely an area is to have damaging earthquakes in the future.  Earthquake hazard is determined by past and present earthquake activity.

4. MI #2: Earthquake Forecasting  There is a relationship between worldwide frequency of earthquakes and their relative strengths.  The stronger the earthquake (by Richter Scale magnitude), the fewer that will occur over a given year.

5. MI #3: Gap Hypothesis  The gap hypothesis is the idea that a major earthquake is more likely to occur along an area of a fault where no earthquakes have occurred over a certain period of time.

6. MI #4: Earthquakes and Buildings  The process of making older buildings more earthquake resistant is called retrofitting.  A common way to retrofit is to securely fasten an old home to its foundation.

7. MI #5: Earthquake Resistant Buildings  Define the following…. 1.Mass Dampers 2.Active Tendon Systems 3.Base Isolators 4.Cross Braces 5.Flexible Pipes

8. MI #6: Earthquake Preparedness  People who live in earthquake prone areas safeguard their homes by… - putting heavy objects on lower shelves - developing earthquake safety plans - storing water, canned food, flashlights, batteries, and first aid kits  When an earthquake begins, lie down or crouch under a table or desk in the center of a room.

9. So What…Real Life Application  Understanding how to protect yourself during and after an earthquake is important to survival in earthquake prone regions of the world.