1. Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY Ms. Sandy Visscher Wando HS Mt. Pleasant, SC Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY Ms. Sandy Visscher Wando HS Mt. Pleasant, SC

3. 10,000 BCE – Ice Age

4. A Modern Ice Age?

6. Australian World Map

7. Europe as a Queen Munster, 1588 Europe as a Queen Munster, 1588

8. Europe’s Latitude v. US

9. Former Soviet Region Compared in Latitude & Area with the United States

10. Satellite View of Europe

11. 3,800 square miles

12. The Mediterranean Sea: Mare Nostrum e 2,400 miles long & 1,000 miles wide e “Crossroads of 3 Continents” Caesarea on the Israeli coast Strait of Gibraltar & the “Pillars of Hercules”

13. Ural Mountains: “The Great Divide” e Divides the European and Asian sections of Russia. 1500 miles

14. REGIONSREGIONSREGIONSREGIONS REGIONSREGIONSREGIONSREGIONS

15. Continents by Size (sq. km.) Asia44,579,000Africa30,065,000 North America 24,256,000 South America 17,819,000 Antarctica13,209,000 Europe Europe9,938,000 Oceania (incl. Australia) Oceania (incl. Australia) 7,687,000

17. 1. The Mediterranean Sea

18. Europe: A Peninsula of Peninsulas? Europe: A Peninsula of Peninsulas? OROR A Peninsula of Asia? OR Part of Eurasia?

19. Europe: An Asian Peninsula?

20. Northern Peninsulas Jutland Peninsula Scandinavian Peninsula

21. Southern Peninsulas Iberian Peninsula Italian Peninsula Balkan Peninsula Anatolean Peninsula Crimean Peninsula

22. The Powder Keg of Europe

23. PeninsulasPeninsulasPeninsulasPeninsulas PeninsulasPeninsulasPeninsulasPeninsulas Scandinavian Pen. Jutland Pen. Iberian Pen. Italian Pen.Balkan Pen. Anatolean Pen. Crimean Pen. Peloponnesian Pen.

24. What’s the answer ??

25. Moutains&PeaksMoutains&PeaksMoutains&PeaksMoutains&Peaks Moutains&PeaksMoutains&PeaksMoutains&PeaksMoutains&Peaks Alps Mts. Pyrennes Mts. Apennines Mts. Dinaric Alps Carpathian Mts. Caucasus Mts. Ural Mts. Mt. Etna ^ Mt. Vesuvius ^ Mt. Olympus ^

26. ElevationElevation Alps Carpathians Caucasus Urals Pyrennes Apennines

27. The Alps e Cover most of Switzerland, Austria, and parts of Italy and France.

28. Mt. Blanc in the Alps e Highest mountain in the Alps: 15,771 feet

29. The Caucasus Mountains e The origin of the word Caucasian.

30. Transylvania in the Carpathian Mountains e Home of Vlad Tepeš, the Drakul (“Count Dracula”)

31. The Ural Mountains

32. The North European Plain

33. PlainsPlainsPlainsPlains PlainsPlainsPlainsPlains Northern European Plain Steppes Siberian Lowlands

34. B o d i e s of W a t e r B o d i e s of W a t e r Mediterranean Sea North Sea Atlantic Ocean Baltic Sea Black Sea Adriatic Sea Bay of Biscay Strait of Gibraltar Dardanelles Strait Arctic Ocean English Channel Caspian Sea BosporusBosporus

35. RiversRiversRiversRivers RiversRiversRiversRivers Danube R. Seine R. Rhine R. Loire R. Po R. Tiber R. Tagus R. Thames R. Elbe R. Oder R. Vistula R. Dnieper R. Volga R. Don R. Ebro R.

36. The Volga River e The river is so polluted that the sturgeon catch has been decreased by 60%.

37. The Volga River e The longest river in Europe --> 2,300 miles.

38. The Danube River 1770 miles

39. The Danube River  Flows through the 12 countries of Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Romania, and the Ukraine. Where Buda & Pest Meet Biking Along the Danube

40. Why are most of the capitals of Europe on major rivers??

41. Capitals on the Rivers (1) Paris, right bank of the Seine London on the Thames Prague on the Vltava Budapest on the Danube

42. Capitals on the Rivers (2) Berlin on the Spree Moscow on the Moscow River Rome on the Tiber Vienna on the Danube

43. What’s the answer ??

44. Answer:Answer: They are Europe’s lifeline!

46. ClimateClimate

47. Average Annual Precipitation

48. Europe’s Latitude v. US

49. The BENELUX Countries * Belgium * Netherlands * Luxembourg * Belgium * Netherlands * Luxembourg

50. Holland’s Dikes

51. Amsterdam’s Canals

52. The Netherlands: The “Dagger” Pointing at the Heart of Britain!

53. PlateausPlateausPlateausPlateaus PlateausPlateausPlateausPlateaus Meseta

54. CompletedCompletedMapMapCompletedCompletedMapMap CompletedCompletedMapMapCompletedCompletedMapMap North Sea Atlantic Ocean Baltic Sea Black Sea Aegean Sea Adriatic Sea Tyrrhenian Sea Bay of Biscay Strait of Gibraltar Dardanelles Strait Arctic Ocean English Channel Caspian Sea Danube R. Seine R. Rhine R. Loire R. Po R. Tiber R. Tagus R. Thames R. Elbe R. Oder R. Vistula R. Dnieper R. Volga R. Don R. Ebro R. Alps Mts. Pyrennes Mts. Apennines Mts. Dinaric Alps Carpathian Mts. Caucasus Mts. Ural Mts. Mt. Etna ^ Mt. Vesuvius ^ Mt. Olympus ^ Siberian Lowlands Northern European Plain Steppes Scandinavian Pen. Jutland Pen. Iberian Pen. Crimean Pen. Balkan Pen. Anatolean Pen. Peloponnesian Pen. Italian Pen.

55. Norwegian Fjords eGlaciers cut deep valleys in the ocean during the Ice Age. e Glaciers cut deep valleys in the ocean during the Ice Age.

56. Earthquake Zones

57. Reykjavik, Iceland: “The Youngest Oldest Country” e Volcanoes e Hot Springs e Geysers

58. Mediterranean Islands e Generally rugged & mountainous. e Mediterranean Sea so polluted (will take 1000 years to clean up). Sardinia Cyprus Malta

59. Mt. Etna, Sicily e An active volcano

60. Mt. Vesuvius, Italy e 1944 eruption e Pompeii, 79 CE e Herculaneum, 79 CE

62. Eastern Europe

63. Russia’s 10 Time Zones

64. Siberia --> Permafrost eAverage temperatures of January vary from 0 to -50°C, and in July from 1 to 25°C e Average temperatures of January vary from 0 to -50°C, and in July from 1 to 25°C e 150,000,000 population. e A former “gulag” Soviet prison camp.

65. Lake Baikal, Siberia e The oldest and deepest lake in the world. e 20% of the world’s total unfrozen water supply.

66. Trans-Siberian Railroad  The main line runs 5,785 miles.

67. Trans-Siberian Railroad e Completed in 1905.

69. Europe’s Natural Regions

70. The Northern European Plain --> An Invasion Route into Asia (& Vice Versa?)

71. Steppes: “Soviet” Breadbasket

72. The Steppes e 25% of the old Soviet Union’s food supply.

73. Major Regional Divisions of the Former U. S. S. R. Chernozen Soil

74. Germany’s Black Forest

76. Tundra: The Not-So-Barren Land Below the Arctic Circle

77. LandLandUseUseLandLandUseUse LandLandUseUseLandLandUseUse

78. Agricultural Activity

80. RESOURCESRESOURCESRESOURCESRESOURCES RESOURCESRESOURCESRESOURCESRESOURCES

81. Major Industrial Resources

82. Oil Export Routes in the Caucasus Area

84. Major Environmental Disasters & Pollution Problems

85. Acid Rain

87. World Population by Continents Asia3,737,000,000 Africa823,000,000 Europe729,000,000 North America 486,000,000 South America 351,000,000 Oceania (incl. Australia) Oceania (incl. Australia) 31,000,000 Antarctica no permanent population

88. Population Density [People Per Square Mile] Belgium336.82Mexico52.15 Japan336.72 United States 29.77 India336.62World14.42 United Kingdom 244.69Norway14.42 Italy192.96Canada 3.36 France108.09Russia 8.61

89. Population Distribution

90. Population Growth

91. Members of the Indo-European Language Family

92. Major Religious Groups in Europe