1. Module Overview of Safeguard Best Practices Jayantha Perera, PhD 1

2. Safeguard Policies - What are they? Operational policies are vital for poverty reduction and sustainable development.Operational policies are vital for poverty reduction and sustainable development. A subset of operational policiesA subset of operational policies Singled out to stress the importance ofSingled out to stress the importance of environmental and social objectives,environmental and social objectives, enhancing quality of project operations.enhancing quality of project operations. World Bank pioneered; ADB 1987 and 1995.World Bank pioneered; ADB 1987 and 1995. Moving from state-centric to people-centric approachMoving from state-centric to people-centric approach 2

3. Safeguard Policies Environment (Env)Environment (Env) Involuntary Resettlement (IR)Involuntary Resettlement (IR) Indigenous Peoples (IP)Indigenous Peoples (IP) 3

4. Safeguard Best Practices/Policies for What? prevent and mitigate harm toprevent and mitigate harm to peoplepeople Environment in development processEnvironment in development process maximize development opportunitiesmaximize development opportunities build project ownership and accountability among local populationbuild project ownership and accountability among local population addresses reputational risk to EAaddresses reputational risk to EA 4

5. Example What is Scope of ADB’s Safeguards? Public and private sector investmentsPublic and private sector investments Project and associated facilitiesProject and associated facilities Partial or fully funded by ADBPartial or fully funded by ADB Temporary or permanent project impactsTemporary or permanent project impacts Planning, implementation and operationsPlanning, implementation and operations 5

6. Key Objectives of Resettlement Safeguard Policy IR to be avoided, where feasible.IR to be avoided, where feasible. If unavoidable, compensate & rehabilitateIf unavoidable, compensate & rehabilitate Resettlement measures are integrated into project design and dealt with throughout project cycle.Resettlement measures are integrated into project design and dealt with throughout project cycle. IR measures to be designed with time-bound actions and sufficient budgetIR measures to be designed with time-bound actions and sufficient budget 6

7. Elements of Effective Safeguards Inputs should be timely and front-loaded for better resultsInputs should be timely and front-loaded for better results Sufficient resources should be made availableSufficient resources should be made available Institutional capability should be ensuredInstitutional capability should be ensured Appropriate consultants should be involvedAppropriate consultants should be involved Affected public and NGOs informed and consultedAffected public and NGOs informed and consulted 7

8. Non-compliance of IR Safeguards - Why Non-compliance of IR Safeguards - Why Inadequate consultation and disclosureInadequate consultation and disclosure Poorly defined entitlements particularly of the poor and vulnerable groupsPoorly defined entitlements particularly of the poor and vulnerable groups Poor institutional capacityPoor institutional capacity Inadequate budgetInadequate budget Clashes between local laws and international best practicesClashes between local laws and international best practices 8

9. Challenges Complaints are mostly related to: Lack of consultation with affected people and NGOsLack of consultation with affected people and NGOs Failure to disclose project information and plansFailure to disclose project information and plans Poor planning and implementation safeguard docs.Poor planning and implementation safeguard docs. Inadequate financial and institutional resourcesInadequate financial and institutional resources Often not legally bindingOften not legally binding Stand side by side with laws and regulations – not assimilatedStand side by side with laws and regulations – not assimilated Often limited donor-funded projectsOften limited donor-funded projects 9