1. 10 10 g 20 30 40 50 10 20 30 40 50 10 20 30 40 50 10 20 30 40 50 10 20 30 40 50 CarbonSugarsLipids Proteins Misc.

2. 10 Points a) What is produced when multiple carbon atoms are connected in bonds? carbon skeleton b) How many bonds can a carbon atom form? up to 4

3. 20 Points a) What are hydrocarbons? Molecules containing only carbon & hydrogen b) Name an example of hydrocarbon. Methane, propane or gasoline

4. 30 Points a) Name an example of monomer. glucose, fructose or amino acid b) Name an example of polymer. starch, table sugar or protein

5. 40 Points a) What are inorganic molecules? molecules without carbon b) Name an example of inorganic molecule. water, oxygen gas or ammonia

6. 50 Points a) What are organic molecules? Molecules that contain carbon b) Name an example of organic molecule. starch, glycogen, cellulose or fat

7. 10 Points a) Name an example of monosaccharide. glucose, fructose or galactose b) Name an example of disaccharide. sucrose or table sugar

8. 20 Points Which molecule is the main fuel supply for cellular work, sugar or protein? Sugar

9. 30 Points polysaccharides starch a) Name polysaccharides found in potato. b) Name polysaccharides found in plant structure. cellulose c) Name polysaccharides found in animals. glycogen

10. 40 Points a) What happens to polysaccharides when a cell needs energy? They are broken down to monomers, glucose. b) What is required for this break-down? 1 water molecule for each bond break

11. 50 Points a) Are carbohydrates hydrophilic? Yes! b) Why are carbohydrates hydrophilic? They are full of –OH, which are attracted to water.

12. 10 Points a) What are lipids? Fats, waxes (water avoiding compounds) b) What does hydrophobic mean? Water-fearing

13. 20 Points a) What are fats made of? 1 glycerol & fatty acids chains b) What are fatty acids made of? long chains of carbon and hydrogen

14. 30 Points a) How are saturated and unsaturated fats different? saturated = solid @ RT, max # of H unsaturated = liquid @ RT, additional number of H possible b) Name an example of saturated fat. butter or lard

15. 40 Points a) Which is a healthier fat, saturated or unsaturated? unsaturated fat b) Name an example of unsaturated fat. fish oil, corn oil, vegetable oil or olive oil

16. 50 Points a) What makes up the structure of steroids? 4 carbon rings fused together b) Name an example of steroid. cholesterol, testosterone or estrogen

17. 10 Points a) What are monomers of protein? amino acids b) How many amino acids are known? 20 kinds of amino acids

18. 20 Points a) Name 4 elements found in the backbone of amino acids. C, H, O & N b) What makes each amino acid unique? chemical make-up of side group

19. 30 Points a) What is another name for protein? polypeptide b) What is a by-product of polypeptide synthesis? water

20. 40 Points a) How is it possible for a cell to make different kinds of protein? varying sequence of amino acids b) Name 3 functions of protein in human. structure, long-term nutrient storage, defense, signals

21. 50 Points a) What is denaturation? changes in protein structure b) What can cause denaturation? change in temperature or pH

22. 10 Points a) What is adhesion? The attraction of water molecules to other substances. b) Give an example. Attraction of water to sides of graduated cylinder, inner walls of blood vessels, xylem

23. 20 Points a) What are the four nucleotides that make up DNA? Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine b) Which pairs with the other? A pairs with T, C pairs with G

24. 30 Points True or False Glucose is the main source of energy for cells. True – the body uses glucose and must break down larger carbohydrate chains.

25. 40 Points True or False Changes in pH or temperature are regulated by body systems. True – maintaining a pH range is essential to survival

26. 50 Points What are the two types of enzyme inhibition? Competitive enzyme inhibition and non-competitive enzyme inhibition