1. CPUC Energy Storage Workshop Energy Storage Procurement Framework and Design Program & Action Plan of the California Energy Storage Roadmap Energy Division Workshop in accordance with Track 1 of Proceeding: R.15-03-011 Comments by Dustin Mulvaney, Ph.D. Principal, EcoShift Consulting, Associate Professor, San Jose State University, on behalf of Sierra Club 0 July 28, 2015

2. Consistent Evaluation Protocol (CEP) Goals & objectives of storage roadmap Reduce greenhouse gas emissions Integrate renewables Grid optimization CEP guiding principles Transparency, public access to information Public accountability 1

3. Unresolved issues include quantification of benefits GHG emissions reduction Avoided T&D Other project level benefits System/portfolio level benefits 2 GHG emissions reductions are not adequately incorporated.

4. CEP Refinement CEP should quantify 8. Intermittent resource integration: wind (ramp / voltage support) 9. Intermittent resource integration: photovoltaic (time shift, voltage sag, rapid demand support) 10. Supply firming 11. Peak shaving 3

5. Storage projects charged with natural gas fired electricity do not reduce GHG emissions Adapted from the NREL publication: Denholm, Paul, and Gerald L Kulcinski. 2004. “Life Cycle Energy Requirements and Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Large Scale Energy Storage Systems.” Energy Conversion and Management 45, no. 13: 2153–72. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2003.10.014. 4 Renewables Combined Cycle Natural Gas Coal CC Natural Gas SC Natural Gas Single Cycle Natural Gas Coal Compressed air Pumped hydro Vanadium Redux Battery Sodium Flow Battery