2.  was the theory of trade which stated that a nation should export more than it imported and  accumulate gold to make up the difference.

3.  because with the rise of powerful nation states (Holland, France, Spain and England) there was almost constant warfare.  Money was needed to support ever- expanding armies and navies.  Mercantilist concepts developed from this need.

4. was the belief that if one nation hoped to grow richer, it had to do so at the expense of some other nation. The development of colonies became very attractive during this time. Wealth could be kept by a nation if its colonies provided raw materials to the mother country and the mother country could sell finished goods to the colonies.

5.  In England the application of mercantilist theory led to the development of a skilled labor force in England and the creation of a large navy and merchant marine.  However, mercantilism also led to inflation and alienation in the colonies.  England put into practice this theory through what is known as the Navigation Acts

6. Under the acts/laws, trade with the colonies was to be conducted only in English or colonial ships. Sugar, tobacco and indigo were to be shipped only to England. Trade/goods destined for other nations had to go first to England. Some of the legislation was designed to protect colonial interests. For example, tobacco production in England was prohibited, leaving the colonies as the sole source of that lucrative product.

7. Colonies Can trade only with the home country Home Country Trades to acquire wealth Raw Materials Such as gold, cotton, timber Manufactured Goods Such as clothing furniture

8.  The transfer of people, products, and ideas between the hemispheres  Both Positive and Negative effects on the Americas

9. From Western Hemisphere to Eastern Maize (corn) Potato Sweet potato Beans Peanut Squash Pumpkin Pineapple Tomato Cocoa Peppers Avocado turkey From Eastern Hemisphere to Western Wheat Rice Banana Peach Pear Sugar cane Watermelon Lettuce Horse Cow Sheep Goat Chicken Pig Diseases (smallpox, typhus, chickenpox, measles)

10.  A series of transatlantic trade routes that—when plotted on a map— roughly resembled triangles.  Traders used one of these trade routes to ship enslaved Africans to the Americas.

11.  The triangular trade was a series of transatlantic trade routes that—when plotted on a map—roughly resembled triangles.  Traders used one of these trade routes to ship enslaved Africans to the Americas.  Typically a ship full of manufactured goods would set sail from a European port headed for the west coast of Africa.  There, traders would exchange their goods for enslaved Africans and set sail for the West Indies, where they would exchange the enslaved Africans for sugar and tobacco.  Then the traders returned to Europe to sell their newly acquired goods and items.

12.  The Middle Passage was perhaps the most well-known part of the voyage.  This was the trip from Africa to the West Indies, the middle of the trade triangle.  Enslaved Africans were packed into the holds of ships to the point where movement was virtually impossible. Beatings and other abuse were common. Some were so traumatized that they committed suicide by plunging into the icy waters of the Atlantic. The slave ship Brooks

13.  Interdependence occurs when people or countries depend on someone else to provide the goods and services they consume.  The more people specialize and trade, the more interdependent they become.

14. Interdependence Early on we were interdependent with other nations.