1. CRISPR BTE 302 FINAL PRESENTATION

2.  Ehsan Sakib (14136001)  Prateem Das (12136014)  Olia (136032)

4. What is CRISPR?  Clustered Regularly-interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats  Short repitition of base sequence  Spacer DNA

6. CRISPR/Cas System  Prokaryotic immune system  Resistance against plasmids and phages  CRISPR spacers recognise and cut  Found in 40% bacteria and 90% archaea

7. Brief History  First discovered in 1987, in Osaka University  In 2000, similar repeats found  SRSR renamed CRISPR in 2002  2005: CRISPR shown to be derived from phage DNA and extrachromosomal DNA  2012: genome engineering/editing tool in human cell culture  2016: HIV!!!

8. Mechanism  Prokaryotic immune system  Involves various CAS proteins  Acts as acquired immunity  System is similar to eukaryote’s RNA interference (iRNA)  Causes gene expression to stop

10. Properties of CRISPR and CAS 9 protein  CRISPR repeats range in size from 24 to 48 base pairs  They are palindromic in nature  CRISPR-associated proteins to learn how bacteria use spacers in their immune defenses.  Cas9 is a nuclease, an enzyme specialized for cutting DNA  It has two active cutting sites, one for each strand of the DNA  The active sites for cutting the DNA can be manipulated without hampering the CAS protein’s ability to home in on specific sequence

11. The powerful potential of crispr technology

12. According to Dr. Jennifer Doudna 1.Viral infections (human cell’s petri dish). 2.Genomic mutation. 3.Genetic diseases. 4.Alter embryos. 5.For enhancement. 6.Agriculture.

14. According to Dr. George Church  Woolly mammal.  By March 2015, woolly mammoth genes had been copied into the genome of an Asian elephant, using the CRISPR DNA editing technique.  From frozen specimens.  To bring back extinct animals

15. Ethical Issues Dr. Jennifer doudna’s consideration. “we should not be playing,we should be engineering ” Dr. George church’s consideration.

16. REFERENCES  CNN news  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Ijr1ccYPtI. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Ijr1ccYPtI  University of California, Berkeley.  https://www.neb.com/tools-and-resources/feature-articles/crispr-cas9- and-targeted-genome-editing-a-new-era-in-molecular-biology.