1. Acids and Bases Part2: Bases

2. Arrhenius’ Definitions A base is a substance that produces hydroxide ions in solution OH-(aq) Sodium hydroxide NaOH(aq) dissolves in water producing Na+ and OH-

3. Properties of Bases Taste bitter Feel slippery Conduct electricity Neutralize acids Turn red litmus paper blue Common in cleaners

4. The pH scale pH is a number scale that indicates the degree of acidity or basicity of a substance the lower the number the more acidic 7 is neutral Above 7 is basic pH stands for power of the hydrogen ion

5. Bases Bases are caustic- capable of burning, corroding or destroying living tissue Bases feel slippery because they turn fats to soap Bases turn red litmus blue Bases contain hydroxide ions (OH - ) Similar handling care to acids If a spill occurs, flush with water and apply a weak acid to neutralize. pH ranges from 7.1 to 14

6. Neutralization Reactions When an acid and a base combine and neutralize the products are always a salt and water. A salt is an ionic compound formed in an acid base neutralization. The water is formed from the H+ of the acid and the OH- of the base Therefore the salt is formed from the anion of the acid and the cation of the base.

7. Example HNO 2 + KOH  The hydrogen from the acid and the hydroxide from the base make water HNO 2 + KOH  The leftovers make the salt…be sure to use proper bonding methods