1. SIGMA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

2. MODULE :MASONRY CONSTRUCTION

3. GROUP :-E  JAIN DHARMESH 130500106013  JAIN MAHAVIR 130500106014  PATEL DEEP 130500106030  PATEL SHARVIL 130500106035

4. TOPICS  COMPOSITE MASONRY  HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCKS AND CONSTRUCTION  CAVITY WALLS

5. WHEN WALLS ARE CONSTRUCTED WITH TWO OR MORE TYPES OF BUILDING MATERIAL IT IS TERMED AS COMPOSITE MASONRY COMPOSITE MASONRY

6. Why composite masonry is adopted? 1.It reduces overall cost of construction. 2.This makes the structure durable by providing material of better quality and good workmanship in the facing. 3.It makes the use of locally available material,to obtained economy

7. Composite construction is popular for buildings because of following aspects: 1. Economy 1. Economy 2. Architecture 2. Architecture 3. Functionality 4. Service and building flexibility 4. Service and building flexibility

8. Stone facing with brick backing -It is constructed in brick wall and stones are provided on facing to appear if constructed in stone. -It is adopted to improve the appearance of the structure at the lesser cost.

9. Brick facing with concrete backing -In this type of construction, bricks are used as facing material and concrete as backing. -This type of construction is adopted to get the strength of concrete an aesthetic of bricks.

10. Ashlar facing with brick backing -Composite masonry rough tooled, chamfered stones are provide in facing while brick work is provide in backing. -Alternate courses of ashlars may be header under each projecting course of ashlar,header brick should be used.

11. Ashlar facing with rubble backing In this type of composite masonry rough tooled and chamfered stones are provided in facing while rubble masonry in backing This may reduce the cost of construction as the rubble are available at a cheap rae

12. HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCKS AND CONSTRUCTIONS

13. Pre cast concrete blocks Two types of pre cast concrete blocks are used for wall construction 1 regular concrete blocks 2 hollow concrete blocks

14. Regular concrete blocks are manufacture from dense aggregate and they are used in load bearing walls Hollow concrete blocks are used both for load bearing as well as non load bearing walls. they are light in weight. Regular Concrete Blocks Hollow Concrete Blocks

15. The hollow concrete blocks are manufacture in various shape and sizes. 1 Standard size hollow concrete blocks 39cmx19cmx30cm 2 Hollow building tiles 39cmx19cmx20cm 3 Hollow concrete for partition 39cmx19cmx10cm The face thickness of block is kept 5 cm or more.

16. CAVITY WALLS

17. - A cavity wall or hollow wall consist of two separate walls called leaves or skins with a cavity or a gap of 5 to 10 cm between them. -The size of cavity varies from 5 to 10 cm.the inner and outer leaves should not be less than 10 cm thick.

18. Cavity walls in brick construction with insulation This wall is similar in construction to the first cavity wall, the only exception being the inclusion of insulation. Wall ties are manufactured from stainless steel. 60mm thick insulation Plaster Vertical DPC at window and door jambs Insulation

19. Cavity walls in block construction A cavity wall consists of two ½ brick thick leaves with a cavity between them. The outer leaf in conjunction with the cavity acts as a barrier to moisture. The Inner leaf supports most of the load from floors and the roof. If heavier loads than usual have to be supported the inner leaf can be built one brick thick or more. There is no need to increase the thickness of the outer leaf. Outer leaf facing brick or block and render. D.P.C. Rain Section through a Cavity Wall Wall tie

20. Composite Masonry Walls Multiwythe – Outer with of stone, face brick, or other durable masonry material – Inner withes of less expensive CMU or clay units which do not require the same level of durability or finish appearance Solid--no internal cavity – Space between withes is filled with mortar Withes are bonded with: – Header units (in traditional construction) – Metal ties or reinforcing (right) Most commonly associated with traditional or historic masonry wall construction

21. Masonry Cavity Walls Greater resistance to water penetration than solid or composite walls Multiwythe A continuous air space between withes acts as an internal drainage plane. Water that penetrates the outer with runs down the cavity and then is drained back to the exterior. T YPES OF M ASONRY W ALLS

22. Masonry Cavity Walls Wall ties or veneer ties, made of corrosion resistant metal, span the cavity and allow the inner wythe to provide lateral support to the, usually thinner, outer wythe. – Stainless steel: longest lasting – Galvanized (zinc-coated) steel: less expensive Wall ties come in a great variety of configurations. In this illustration the ties also serve to hold rigid insulation boards snugly against the inner wythe. T YPES OF M ASONRY W ALLS

23. Masonry Cavity Walls The minimum recommended cavity depth is 2 inches, to allow space for masons to keep the cavity clear of mortar droppings during construction. Water-resistant rigid insulation boards can be inserted into the cavity. But a minimum of 1 inch of clear airspace should be preserved.

24. Masonry Cavity Walls Cavity drainage materials: Materials inserted into the cavity to catch mortar droppings and prevent obstruction of weep holes Mortar droppings should always be minimized, as they form bridges across the cavity that can allow water to bridge the cavity as well.

25. Masonry Loadbearing Walls Carry gravity loads from other parts of the building structure (adjacent floors and roof) In modern construction, almost always reinforced – Greater strength – Much improved resistance to seismic forces May be composite or cavity wall construction – In loadbearing cavity walls, the inner wythe is usually the loadbearing wythe and the outer wythe or veneer is nonstructural. T YPES OF M ASONRY W ALLS

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