1. Urban life in the Gilded Age

2. To the City: Urban Migration. I.Urbanization: 1.Technology reduces farming need for labors 2.People moving to cities looking for Jobs in the new Industrial Age 3.Immigrants came in numbers: - cities were the cheapest place to live and easiest to find a job. (unskilled steady jobs) 4.Attraction of the City Life: fast pace NYC: moving picture, (movie) Chicago: shows, attractions Boston: Baseball.

3. Working conditions

4. City Dwellers II. Urban Problems. 1.Housing : few houses, far from work a) rent boarding houses -sharing kitchens, dining, restrooms b) row houses, families sharing side walls. 2. Transportation: foot, horse-drawn vehicles 3. Water: a) fresh water a major problem, b) no indoor pluming c) water quality was need to control diseases, (filtration by 1908) d) fire was a big menace 4.Sanitation: unhealthy conditions, trash, sewage, and factories’ pollution 5. Crime: immigrants taken advantage of, Gangs, murders: New York City 1st. Paid police force: 1844

5. The Rich III.Rich and Poor separated through different parts of Town. 1.Immigrants and city dwellers worked to make money for the Rich 2.Gap between Rich and poor very obvious 3.Rich legitimized their status through “Social Darwinism”

6. Anti- Immigration IV. Go home: We don’t want you here! Competition of jobs, Racial Prejudice.

7. Big business controls government IV. Political Corruption: (“political machine”) Tammy Hall Tweed Ring: William Marcy Tweed (N.Y.C.) - use of political power & immigrants for financial gains.

8. Child Labor VI.Children exploited 1.Need to support the family 2.Way of life 3.Easier to control and use 4.No Labor laws to protect children 5.Urban way of Life.