1. The American Revolution Part C

2. 1.What were the Articles of Confederation (1781- 1788)? The foundational governmental document that created a weak union of 13 American States. 2. Why did the Articles of Confederation supposedly fail? Under the Articles of Confederation, the Congress was very weak and had little power to tax and regulate on a national level

3. 3. What replaced the Articles of Confederation? The Constitution of the United States of America (1789-Present) 4. How did the U.S. Constitution come into being? In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1787), fifty-five delegates drafted a new constitution, a document that was approved by eleven states (later all 13), and went into effect in 1789.

4. 5. What three branches of government are established in the U.S. Constitution? Legislative Executive Judicial 6. The Legislative Branch is manifested in what institution? The U.S. Congress

5. 7. The U.S. Congress is made up of what two houses (chambers)? The House of Representatives The Senate 8. How are seats in the House of Representatives apportioned? By state population States with larger populations get more representatives in the House of Representatives

6. 9. In the Senate, how is representation apportioned? Two Senators per state Thus, there are currently 100 Senate seats 10. Basically, what is the primary duty of the Legislative Branch (i.e. The Congress)? To make laws

7. 11. The Executive Branch is manifested in what institution (person)? The President of the United States 12. What is the primary duty of the Executive Branch, that is, the presidency? To carry out laws and function as the head of state

8. 13. The judicial branch is manifested in what institution? The U.S. Supreme Court and all other federal courts 14. Fundamentally, what does the judicial branch do? Establish justice by interpreting and applying law

9. 15. Who became the first U.S. President under the U.S. Constitution on April 30, 1789? George Washington of Virginia 16. What event confirmed the United States was not just a weak union of States, but rather an indivisible nation-state? The Northern (Union) victory over the southern Confederacy in the American Civil War (1861- 1865)

10. 17. In 1860-1861, what did eleven southern slaveholding states do that tested the nature of the union of states of the USA? Eleven states seceded (withdrew) from the United States The secessionist states were: South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina

11. 18. In 1861, seven secessionists Deep South states formed what, in Montgomery, Alabama? The Confederate States of America (CSA) Later, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina joined the CSA 19. What became of the CSA during the American Civil War? Under the leadership of President Abraham Lincoln, Union military forces invaded and conquered the Confederate States of America by 1865 In short, the North defeated the South

12. 20. Thus, to a large extent, the Northern victory in the American Civil War meant that the American union of states was what? Permanent, and not subject to being dissolved by the action of a single state 21. What else did the Northern victory in the American Civil War bring about? Slavery was abolished partially by Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, but fully and permanently by the 13 th Amendment in 1865