1. M ODERN E UROPEAN W ORKSHOP 29 M AY 2014 S T. J OHN ’ S C OLLEGE, C AMBRIDGE Panel: Central Europe and the Lure of Asia Design for a fan. Oil on board. Europe, c. 1700.

2. P RIVATE E NTERPRISE AND F LEXIBLE C ITIZENSHIP : M ERCHANTS AND M ARINERS OF THE C HINA T RADE, C. 1720-1750 M EIKE F ELLINGER (U NIVERSITY OF W ARWICK )

3. A late eighteenth century depiction of the Canton factories. European traders were having access only to restricted areas around the factories and particular walking paths in the country side around Canton (modern-day Guangzhou)

4. Part I: Flexible citizens: nomads of the Canton trade Part II: Interlopers and the changing geography of private trade Conclusions

5. Thank you for your attention! The research for this presentation was generously funded by the European Research Council Advanced Grant Scheme If you have any further questions, please contact: m.fellinger@warwick.ac.uk

6. Charles Irvine of Drum (1693-1771) Born and died in Aberdeen After 1715 Jacobite exile in France Merchant in Rouen in the 1720s Entered the Indies Trade via the Ostend Company Between 1733-46 made six voyages as supercargo for the SEIC Became major wholesale merchant and tea smuggler