1. The First World War Boys and Girls! War Savings Stamps Poster by James Montgomery Flagg 1917-18

2. 2 The First World War: War involving nearly all the nations of the world 1914-1918 What? When?

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4. 4 The First World War: Why? Long term - 1. Alliance system 2. Imperialist Competition 3. Stockpiling of Weapons Short term - Assassination of Franz Ferdinand of the Austro- Hungarian Empire Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and his Wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg one hour before their deaths, June 28, 1914

5. 5 The War to end All Wars Great war was believed to be the War that would end all other wars…. Do you believe this to be possible?

6. 6 Major Causes Of WW1

7. 7 Major Causes Of WWI Nationalism- Pride in ones Country Major Causes of WWI

8. 8 The Black Hand

9. 9 Black Hand- Union or Death Secret Serbian Terrorist Society- Members from an original semi-secret society that focused on Pan-Slavism joined later to create the black hand

10. 10 Black Hand Ranking Serbian ministers, officials and generals Goal of the group was the creation of a Greater Serbia by use of violence Black hand trained guerillas and saboteurs and arranged political murders.

11. 11 Black Hand Black Hand members held important army and government positions Serbian Gov’t was well informed of Black Hand activities Saying “No” to the Black Hand was a dangerous act. Political murder was one of their well known tools

12. 12 Work of the Black Hand Archduke Ferdinand And Wife Sophie

13. 13 Archduke Ferdinand And Wife Sophie Assassinated

14. 14 Major Causes of WWI Major Causes Of WWI Militarism- Nationalism- Pride in ones Country

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17. 17 Major Causes of WWI Major Causes Of WWI Militarism- Nationalism- Pride in ones Country Colonialism- The search And need for Colonies

18. 18 Major Causes of WWI Major Causes Of WWI Militarism- Nationalism- Pride in ones Country Colonialism- The search And need for Colonies Alliances

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20. 20 Major Causes of WWI Major Causes Of WWI Militarism- Nationalism- Pride in ones Country Colonialism- The search And need for Colonies AlliancesImperialism-

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23. 23 The First World War: Who? Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Russia France Great Britain Italy Japan United States (1917) Central Powers:Allies:

24. 24 The First World War: Where?

25. 25 Monroe Doctrine of 1823 The Monroe Doctrine is a U.S. doctrine which, on December 2, 1823, stated that European powers were no longer to colonize or interfere with the affairs of the newly independent states of the Americas. The United States would not interfere with existing colonies or their dependencies in the Western Hemisphere. However, any attempt by a European nation to oppress or control any nation in the western hemisphere would be seen as an act of aggression and the United States would intervene

26. 26 Why did it take so long for America to get involved in the war? America was isolationist “Why should I get involved in someone else’s problems”

27. 27 ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: Is isolationism really an option for a country as powerful as the United States? Can the US (Wilson) truly stay neutral?

28. 28 Which side should the US pick? 11 million German- Americans Irish-Americans hated Great Britain Close cultural ties Shared transatlantic cables (so censored stories) Big business loaned much $ to allies Central Powers:Allies: US Exports to both sides:

29. 29 What did it take to get the US involved? 1. Blockades Britain blockaded (stopped) all German ships going to America Germany announced a submarine war around Britain Y-53 German Submarine 1916

30. 30 What did it take to get the US involved? 1. Blockades In May, 1915 Germany told Americans to stay off of British ships They could/would sink them

31. 31 What did it take to get the US involved? 1. Blockades Lusitania torpedoed, sinking with 1200 passengers and crew (including 128 Americans) Was eventually found to be carrying 4200 cases of ammunition German Propaganda Justifying Lusitania sinking

32. 32 What did it take to get the US involved? 1. Blockades The US sharply criticized Germany for their action Germany agreed not to sink passenger ships without warning in the future Note in Bottle After Lusitania Disaster

33. 33 What did it take to get the US involved? 1. Blockades Germany responded to Wilson's demands on May 4 with what is called the "Sussex Pledge." German submarine policy would henceforth be governed by promises to:  end the sinking of passenger ships  search merchant ships for contraband  make provisions for passengers and crews before sinking merchant ships Cross-channel ferry Sussex at Boulogne after being torpedoed in March 1916. The entire forepart of the ship was destroyed in the attack.

34. 34 What did it take to get the US involved? 2. Unlimited Submarine Warfare 1917 Germany announced “unlimited submarine warfare” in the war zone Why? Otherwise their blockade would not be successful

35. 35 What did it take to get the US involved? 3. Zimmerman Note US intercepted a note from Germany to Mexico, It promised Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona back in return for an alliance

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38. DO NOW: Take out HW and share your response with a partner. Be ready to share your response aloud…volunteers preferred! 38

39. Quickly revisit DBQ In groups, examine documents and answer questions. Debate: “We must make the world safe for democracy!” 39

40. Wilson’s Speech 1. What does President Wilson mean when he says: “We have no selfish ends to serve. We desire no conquest, no dominion”? How is this viewpoint fair or unfair to the American people? 40

41. 41 What did it take to get the US involved? Zimmerman Note + the sinking of 4 unarmed American ships led to a declaration of war Wilson Speech Senate: 82-6 (8 absent) House: 373-50 (9 abs) WHAT DOES THIS VOTE INDICATE ABOUT MOOD OF NATION?)

42. 42 Posters How do you think this poster helped to convince the American people that the war was a good idea? MOBILIZING A NATION FOR WAR:

43. 43 MOBILIZING THE NATION FOR WAR 1. War to End All Wars Idealism: 2 Goals For War: 2. Making the World Safe for Democracy

44. 44 TIPPING THE BALANCE: BREAKING THE STALEMATE ON WESTERN FRONT US provides: MEN MONEY MATERIALS American Troops March Through London Supplies:

45. Men 45 Prior: 300,000…no combat exp…55 small planes and 130 pilots Draft: 24 million men (18-45)…w/ fams excused…18-23 yo….3 million sent. Lack of training…lots of energy 2 million saw combat before armistice U.S. Deaths: Battle: 53,402 Non-battle: 63,114 Total In-Theatre: 116,516 Total U.S. soldiers wounded: 204,002

46. Alvin York 46

47. Money "The total cost of World War I to the United States (was) approximately $32 billion, or 52 percent of gross national product at the time.” Entry into the war in 1917 unleashed massive U.S. federal spending which shifted national production from civilian to war goods. Between 1914 and 1918, some 3 million people were added to the military and half a million to the government. Overall, unemployment declined from 7.9 percent to 1.4 percent in this period, in part because workers were drawn in to new manufacturing jobs and because the military draft removed from many young men from the civilian labor force. BREAKDOWN:22 percent in taxes, 58 percent through borrowings from the public, and 20 percent in money creation 47

48. Materials “Bridge to France”: convoys to transport goods (food, weapons, men) U.S. produced 3x more steel than GR and AH Fabrication: standardization (95 ships launched in one day!!) 48

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50. How did war affect the U.S? Deferments for shipyard workers: avoid draft Took over more private ships: transport goods and men Committee on Public Information: Govt. created propaganda to gain support -“7 min men” gave speeches to garner support War bonds: sold to finance costs 50

51. 51 How did the War Affect the US? Enforcing Loyalty Hatred of all things German Ex. “Liberty Cabbage” Espionage Act 1917 & Sedition Act of 1918 punished those against the war (many labor leaders)

52. 52 How did the War Affect the US? Women Women filled factory jobs May have led 19th Amendment after the war (Gave women the right to vote) Black soldiers still served in Segregated Units African Americans “Great Migration” - thousands of African Americans moved North to work in factories

53. 53 Convincing the American People Idealism: Fourteen Points What? President Wilson’s Plan for after the war Fourteen promises, including freedom of the seas & a League of Nations to work for peace President Woodrow Wilson