1. World History II Reasons for Exploration Lecture Notes: Unit 2 Lesson 1 Standard WHII.4a

2. To Do: Vocabulary Interpretation Question of the Day Notes Midas Cartoon Notes Multiple Choice Question Analysis 1492

3. Vocabulary Indigenous Zealous Merchant Savage Maritime …ism

4. Interpretation You will read a quote in the next slide…you should:  Find two words you think an eighth grader might not know  Be prepared to explain each sentence

5. Interpretation “All the territorial possessions of all the political establishments in the earth--including America, of course--consist of pilferings from other people's wash. No tribe, howsoever insignificant, and no nation, howsoever mighty occupies a foot of land that was not stolen.” Mark Twain, Following the Equator

6. Questions of the Day Why were Europeans interested in discovering new lands and markets? How did the expansion of European empires into the Americas, Africa, and Asia affect religion in those areas?

7. Reason for Explanation #1 Mercantilist Competition between Europeans

8. Mercantilism Part 1 There is only so much gold and silver in the world…you should get as much of it as you can. Even if that means stealing it from someone else

9. Mercantilism Part 2 If other countries have the raw materials you want and you can conquer them, do it (make them a colony). Use the raw materials that you take from them to manufacture new goods that you can then sell back to your colony. And thus…turn raw materials into gold.

11. The race to capture colonies:

12. Mercantilism Part 3 Sell more to other countries in Europe than you buy from them (positive trade balance). Even if this means that you make the goods at home

13. Why is it better to be Spain than France in this Mercantilist example?

14. Mercantilism Part 4 The government makes all of the decisions concerning the economy…this was the age of absolute kings.

15. Activity King Midas Reading and Cartoon

16. Reasons for Exploration #2 Finding a route to Asia that avoided the Muslim Turks

17. Why did Europeans want to go to Asia?

18. Asian spices were all the rage in Europe

19. Middle East Empires over time http://www.mapsofwar.com/ind/imperial- history.html http://www.mapsofwar.com/ind/imperial- history.html

20. 550 AD1025 AD1095 AD1180 AD1400 AD

21. 1453 Mehmet II (a muslim) Conquers Constantinople and renames it Istanbul

22. Europeans must pay a tax to go through the Yellow area

23. Europeans still want their Asian trade goods…so…now what?

25. Reason for Explanation #3 Spreading Christianity

26. Support for the diffusion of Christianity Religious zeal played a large role in Spanish and Portuguese overseas activities.  The Church also sent missionaries to convert to the Catholic faith the "savages" of other continents. Spanish treatment of the indigenous populations provoked a fierce debate at home over whether Indians were human and if so, whether they were entitled to the basic rights of mankind.

27. Treaty of Tordesillas (1493 and 1494) Pope Alexander VI gives both Spain and Portugal the right to conquer all new lands in his (and God’s) name.

30. Begin Reading “Requerimiento” here

31. Requerimiento …We (the conquistador and crew) ask and require that you (the native) consider what we have said to you (that the Pope is the ruler of all men and I am his representative), and that you take the time that shall be necessary to understand and deliberate upon it, and that you acknowledge the Church as the Ruler and Superior of the whole world, and the high priest called Pope, and in his name the King and Queen Doña Juana our lords, in his place, as superiors and lords and kings of these islands and this land, and that you consent and give place that these religious fathers should declare and preach to you.

32. Continued… If you do so, you will do well, and that which you are obliged to do to their Highnesses, and we in their name shall receive you in all love and charity, and shall leave you, your wives, and your children, and your lands, free without servitude But, if you do not do this, I certify to you that, with the help of God, we shall powerfully enter into your country, and shall make war against you in all ways and manners that we can; we shall take you and your wives and your children, and shall make slaves of them, and as such shall sell and dispose of them as their Highnesses may command; and we shall take away your goods, and shall do you all the mischief and damage that we can; and we protest that the deaths and losses which shall come of this are your fault, and not that of their Highnesses, or ours, nor of these cavaliers who come with us.

34. Spanish Missions in California Some Spaniards were actually more interested in spreading religion than in conquering and taking gold. Spanish monks set up many “Missions” up and down the coast of California  They were more like small farms with churches attached to them.  If a native wanted any food, he/she had to be Catholic. Junipero Serra

36. What was it really all about… Gold, God, Glory

37. Questions of the Day Why were Europeans interested in discovering new lands and markets? How did the expansion of European empires into the Americas, Africa, and Asia affect religion in those areas?

38. Multiple Choice Question Analysis

39. Watch Movie 1492: The Conquest of Paradise