1. 14.2 Skeletal System

2. POINT > Identify five functions of the skeletal system
POINT > Distinguish between axial and appendicular skeleton
POINT > Describe the importance of joints
POINT > Describe bone structure and growth
POINT > Identify major bones

3. POINT > Identify five functions of the skeletal system
1. Movement: Skeletal system is where muscles attach. Muscles pull on bones to create movement

4. POINT > Identify five functions of the skeletal system
2. Shape and support: the backbone (vertebral column) is the main support center for the upper body Other bones attach to the backbone directly or indirectly Bones give shape to the body

5. POINT > Identify five functions of the skeletal system
3. Protection: The bones of your skull protect your brain. Your ribs protect your lungs and heart from injury

6. POINT > Identify five functions of the skeletal system
4. Produce blood cells: Red and white blood cells are formed by tissue called marrow, which is in the center of many large bones
~ 500,000,000,000 new blood cells every day!

7. POINT > Identify five functions of the skeletal system
5. Storage: Bones store minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus, for use by the body when needed

8. POINT > Distinguish between axial and appendicular
Axial Skeleton: The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebrae, ribs and sternum (blue) Appendicular Skeleton: The appendicular skeleton includes the appendages of the body, which are the shoulders, arms, hips, and legs (white)

9. CHECK:
What are 5 functions of the skeletal system? What are two bones in the axial skeleton? What are two bones in the appendicular skeleton?

10. POINT > Describe the importance of joints
Joints are places where bones come together Most joints are movable joints that allow the bones to move relative to each other (elbow, knee, hip, neck, etc.)

11. POINT > Describe the importance of joints
Some joints are fixed joints that do not allow the bones to move relative to each other (skull and pelvic girdle)

12. POINT > Describe the importance of joints
Ligaments are strong tissues that connect bone to bone and stabilize joints

13. POINT > Describe the importance of joints
Cartilage is softer and more flexible than bone and cushions bones from striking or rubbing against each other

14. CHECK:
What are joints? What are movable joints? What are fixed joints? What is a ligament? What is cartilage?

15. POINT > Describe bone structure and growth
Bone is living tissue made up of cells Most bones have four layers: 1. Periosteum: Outer covering of bones 2. Compact Bone: Hard and dense 3. Spongy Bone: Softer, lies beneath the compact bone 4. Bone Marrow: Fills the gaps between the spongy bone

16. POINT > Describe bone structure and growth
Bone is living tissue made up of cells

17. CHECK:
What are 4 layers of bone? Which layer of bone is where blood cells are made?

18. POINT > Identify major bones of the body
An adult human has ~ 206 bones
The cranium (skull) is composed of 29 bones

19. POINT > Identify major bones of the body
An adult human has ~ 206 bones
The scapula (shoulder blade) connects the arm to the vertebral column

20. POINT > Identify major bones of the body
The vertebral column has 26 vertebrae
1) The cervical region (neck bones) 2) The thorasic region (where the ribs attach) 3) The lumbar region (forms joints with the hips and legs)

21. POINT > Identify major bones of the body
The pelvic girdle connects the legs to the vertebral column

22. POINT > Identify major bones of the body
The sternum connects the ventral ribs to form a cage around the heart and lungs

23. POINT > Identify major bones of the body
The humerus, radius and ulna are the bones of the arm

24. POINT > Identify major bones of the body
The femur, tibia and fibula are the bones of the leg
The femur is the largest and
longest bone in the body

25. CHECK:
What are 3 regions of the vertebral column? What are three leg bones? What is the cranium? What are three bones in the arm?

26. POINT > Describe bone structure and growth
Osteoporosis is a disease that occurs as bones lose minerals (calcium) and become weak and brittle Women are more likely to get this as they age Good diet and exercise can prevent osteoporosis

27. POINT > Describe bone structure and growth
Osteoporosis is a disease that occurs as bones lose minerals (calcium) and become weak and brittle

28. CHECK:
What is osteoporosis? How can you prevent osteoporosis?

29. Homework:
Read pages
Complete Study Guide
Section Assessment page 481
GRAS