1. BELLRINGER 9/14/15  Match the left column to the correct description to the right: Abiotic factorsLiving parts of the environment Biotic factorsGroup of organisms of the same species OrganismNonliving parts of the environment Population Living thing

2. BELLRINGER 9/18/15 Define the terms and answer the question below:  Immigration  Emigration  Why do animals immigrate or emigrate?

3. Ecology Introduction Part 1

4. Ecology: the study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and their environment Environment: the abiotic and biotic factors that act upon organisms

5. Abiotic the nonliving parts of the environment including water, rocks, light, nutrients, soil, and temperature Climate – the average weather conditions for an environment (yearly/ monthly) Weather – the daily environmental conditions (daily)

6. Biotic the living parts of the environment including bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, and animals

7. Levels of Ecology Organism a living thing; anything that can carry out life processes independently

8. Levels of Ecology Population A group of organisms of the same species that live in a specific geographical area Species – a group of organisms that are closely related and can mate a produce fertile offspring

9. Levels of Ecology Community all of the populations of species that live in the same habitat and interact with each other

10. Levels of Ecology Ecosystem a community of organisms and their abiotic environment

11. Levels of Ecology Biome a large region characterized by a specific type of climate and certain types of plant and animal communities Climate patterns – the sunlight, wind, and water availability all help to define a biome

12. Biomes – large regions characterized by specific type of climate and certain types of plant and animal communities

13. Levels of Ecology Biosphere the part of the earth where life exists

14. BELLRINGER 9/17/15 *Answer the questions below  How can food and water limit population growth and survival?  What are some other limiting factors you can think of? (at least 2)

15. Population Ecology How individuals of the same species interact with other

16. Population  Same species, at the same time, in the same place, and reproducing

17. Density  Number of organisms in a given area

18. Dispersion – pattern or organisms within an area  Uniform – favorable environment or territorial species  Random – no apparent reason or pattern  Clumped – need for resources

19. Demography  Growth – by birth or immigration  Decline – by death or emigration  Related to LIMITING FACTORS

20. Limiting factors  Resources – food, water, space, mates, jobs, etc.  Health conditions – crowding and diseaseCOMPETITION  Predation  Prey = organism killed and eaten by another organism  Predator = organism that eats all or part of another organism after killing it  CARRYING CAPACITY – largest population that an environment can support at any given time

21. BELLRINGER 9/21/15 * Answer the questions below  What are factors that living things can COMPETE for?  Give one real life example of two living organisms that COOPERATE to survive (mutualism).

22. Community Ecology How do populations interact with each other?

23. COMPETITION (-,-)  It happens because resources are in limited supply  One species per niche  NICHE = the place of function of a given organism within its environment

24. PREDATION (+,-)  Normal – predator kills and eats its prey  Parasitism – a parasite harms another organism ADAPTATIONS  For predators: claws, teeth, poisons, speed, and musculature  For possible preys: long legs, speed, flight, horns, colorations, and sense of smell

25. EXAMPLES OF ADAPTATIONS  Camouflage – blending  Warning coloration – bright colors  Defensive chemicals – skunk spray  Mimicry – animal “pretends” to be harmful

26. MUTUALISM (+,+)  Relationship that promotes coevolution – positive effect for each organism  Organisms COOPERATE

27. COMMENSALISM (+,0)  ONE organism benefits, the other is UNAFFECTED

28. BELLRINGER 9/22/15 * Use your electronic device  Give an example of a predator that has developed adaptation behavior or “tool” to catch its prey (describe it)

29. Toothpick Birds Instructions  Each round is 30-seconds (total of 6 rounds)  Use your “beak” of one hand only to feed (forefinger + thumb)  Place your “insect” (toothpick) in your “crop” (cup) after each feeding  Stop feeding when time is called  You must eat at least 4 insects per round – if less, YOU DIE  YELLOW insects are poisonous – if you eat it, YOU DIE

30. BELLRINGER 9/23/15  Which do you think is most efficient for protection from predators: camouflage or mimicry? Why?

31. Energy Flow & Trophic Levels

32. Trophic Structure * Energy flows but matter is cycled

33. Food ChainFood Web

34. Ecological Succession  Primary succession – starting from scratch  Need pioneer species  Pioneer -> grasses/bushes -> trees  Climax community  Secondary succession – soil already exists  No need for pioneer species

35. Ecosystem Trophic Levels  Producers or Autotrophs (self-eater/feeder)  Sunlight + inorganic matter -> organic energy (food)  Start ALL food chains  Consumers or Heterotrophs (other eater/feeder)  Different levels (primary, secondary, tertiary, etc)  Must eat other organisms to obtain energy  Decomposers or Detritovores (feed on dead, organic matter – detritus)  Take detritus and covert it back to inorganic matter

36. Examples  Producers  Consumers  Decomposers

37. BELLRINGER 9/24/15 Match left column with correct description.  ProducersEat other organisms to survive  ConsumersModel showing possible feeding relationships  DecomposersStart ALL food chains; produce their own food  Food webFeed on detritus; nature’s recycling system

38. BELLRINGER 9/25/15 Put the organisms in order of a food chain  Mouse  Peanut plant  Eagle  Snake

39. EXTRA MATERIAL * Not used in class

40. Biome diagram

41. Aquatic Biomes

42. Coastal & Ocean terms

43. Coral Reefs of the World(purple areas) Rainforests of the oceans

44. Fresh water terms

45. Stream Headwaters

46. Midstream

47. Estuary

48. Wetlands - Swamp

49. Wetlands - Marsh