1. DAY 51: AMERICA IN WWI Period 7

2. WWI Starts MANIA  Militarization, alliances, nationalization, imperialism: long term causes  Assassination of Austria-Hungary Archduke Franz Ferdinand Allies  Britain, France Germany backed Austria-Hungary (Central Powers)  US can’t choose sides! History w/ England vs. ancestors from Germany US trades with everyone, no alliance  Isolation for 2.5 years (1914-1916)

3. Farewell to Isolation British have world’s largest navy  Germans use U-boats (submarines) May 1915: British passenger ship Lusitania sinks  German U-boat torpedoed ship, killed 1,198 *128 US  Lusitania secretly carried 4 million rounds of ammo US starts to side w/ allies, Wilson stays out of war Feb 1917, Zimmerman Telegram  Note from Germany to Mexico, asking for help fighting US  Mexico was not a threat, but tensions were strained US finally has reason to go to war, April 1917

4. Zimmerman Note/Telegram

5. Over There April 1917: Congress declares war  Bullets for 2 days, 200K soldiers (Nat’l Guard) Technology  Trench warfare, machine guns, barbed wire, mines  Shells, mortars, flame throwers, poison gas  Fighting  each side sends men “over the top” Selective Service Act (May 1917)  4.5 men and 11K women from US served (2 mil in trenches) American Expeditionary Force: US forces in France  Controlled by General John Pershing

6. Over There https://youtu.be/6k9XZB6O26w

7. WWI, 1918 Doughboys: US “newbie” soldiers  Prey to Paris nightlife  15% of US troops in France contract venereal disease  African-American soldiers treated better in Europe Fighting within 50 miles of Paris (against Germans)  Heavy US casualties  German resistance shatters  Armistice, Nov 1918 Over 114 million soldiers/civilians die in “Great War”  112K Americans, more wounded

8. Over Here Total War: Involves EVERYONE at home  Victory gardens, rationing, conscription, propaganda Committee on Public Information, George Creel  Rallies, parades, songs (Cohan, “Over There”), images, “four-minute men”  Propaganda to “sell America on winning the War” Espionage and Sedition Acts of 1917  Critics of gov’t war policy sent to jail, violates free speech  Schenck v. United States: gov’t can impose restrictions on those who present “clear and present danger” to others

9. WWI At Home German-Americans targeted for discrimination/hate crimes War Industries Board, 1917  Est. to coordinate production of munitions/supplies  Women shift from domestic jobs to heavy industry  African Americans move north for industry jobs Hoover appt. head of Food Administration  Meatless Mondays, Wheatless Wednesdays, Victory Gardens  Daylight savings time adopted to conserve energy Very expensive war: $110 billion  Liberty bond drives pays for 2/3, income tax (16 th amendment),  70% tax rate

10. Treaty of Versailles Wilson’s “Fourteen Points”—vision for safer world  End to alliances, freedom of seas, reduce trade barriers  Internat’l org with reps from world nations  Serve as peace keeping forum—League of Nations Big Four meet in Paris  Wilson (US), George (GB), Clemenceau (FR), Orlando (IT)  Europeans want retribution, ignore 14 Points  Force Germany to admit guilt and pay reparations  German colonies divided up and given away  Did decide to create League of Nations Wilson presents Treaty of Versailles to Senate

11. League of Nations Republican leader of Senate: Henry Cabot Lodge  Opposes League and Treaty of Versailles  Does not want US power limited from determining own affairs  Believed League was an entangling alliance US had been neutral since GW’s Farewell Address  Treaty was defeated by Senate (US never joins League) Wilson’s health starts fading Ethnic groups keep US fairly neutral League doomed to fail without newest superpower

12. US Enters WWI DBQ Activity Download and complete questions on a SEPARATE SHEET OF PAPER to turn in