1. BELLWORK: Block 1 Read “The Great Depression and the Arts” pgs. 203-206 and answer the following questions: 1.Why did the Roosevelts support the arts? 2.What was a focus of the CWA? (note: The Civil Works Administration was created by Roosevelt to increase employment in civil works projects; PWA) 3.Explain the roles of the PWAP and TRAP during the Great Depression. 4.What was FPNO and how did they contribute to the arts? 5.Why did the FSA hire photographers? 6.What were the two themes of art during the 1930s? 7.THINKER: In your opinion, why was art such an important part of the 1930’s?

2. The Great Depression and the Arts

3. Roosevelts and the Arts Upon election, FDR promised to “uplift the American people”

4. Public Works of Art Project Program to employ artists as part of the New Deal Funded by CWA (Civil Works Administration) 2) What was a focus of the CWA

5. Inspired by the cultural program Alvaro Obregon put in place as president of Mexico (1920-24)

6. Roosevelt’s Involvement 3) Explain the roles of the PWAP and TRAP during the Great Depression. Government funding created an art identity unlike any of the past. It was not controlled by the art market. PWAP success (1933-1934): – sponsored 10,000 artists – Created over 340,000 works of art

7. San Francisco’s Coit Tower

8. Detroit Institute of the Arts; Mural depicts Detroit industries

9. Astronomers Monument in Griffith’s Observatory; Los Angeles

10. Department of Justice Building; D.C.

11. Treasury Relief Art Program

12. Federal Project Number One 4) What was FPNO and how did they contribute to the arts? Included: Federal Writers Project Historical Records Survey Federal Theatre Project Federal Music Project Federal Art Project

14. New Deal Photography Farm Security Administration (FSA) –created to improved the conditions of sharecroppers, tenants, and poor landowning farmers. While many PWA works were upbeat in their content, FSA photographers were intended to capture difficult situations. 5) Why did the FSA hire photographers?

19. Migrant Mother Dorthea Lange FSA shoot; March 1936 An iconic photograph of the Great Depression Contrast between light and dark is subtle, allowing the artist to capture details, such as the textures of clothing. Lange focused on the mother’s facial expression while other FSA photographers focused on the farm.

20. What were the two themes of art during the 1930s?

21. Social Realism American Gothic: Grant Wood painted scenes promoting hard work and scenes representing the reality of their lives. Commonly painted on; - libraries -schools -hospitals - prisons

22. Critical Social Realism The Senate: William Gropper

23. Celebratory Dance Marathon: Philip Evergood

24. New Forms of Music Swing Blues Folk

25. The Golden Age of Hollywood

26. Even though secondary research may be conducted by fellow historians, there are also limitations, that include the data not being fully accurate or the data may be outdated. In general, historians are always working to answer a question and the evidence must be interpreted in a clear way to prove their question correct. Although primary sources are useful in helping us gain perspective from the past, we must rely only on our inferences to determine how and why things were then, which calls into question how accurate the historical knowledge from primary sources may be. Whenever collecting resources a historian must determine if the source they are using is pertinent to the investigation. To determine this they must examine the author of the source and investigate his personal biases as well as his motives for writing the source. Determining why the author writes can indicate the influences on the writer.

27. Wahooooo!!! Limitation of sources “was made evident when analyzing Hong Yung Lee’s book where there was not enough information regarding the June Tenth Incident and stating that the March First Movement was far more important….” With the topic “being so touchy because of [September 11] attacks, a government funded operation in Afghanistan, and some [CIA] records being classified, it was a difficult process…” “Although this primary source was useful in analyzing Madero’s point of view of Diaz’s policies... This source was also a translation from the original text in Spanish. As I was reading the text, there were some phrases which were oddly constructed, and I questioned the translator’s word choice in the National Democratic Party section. This not only effected the accuracy of the text... But also on my comprehension of the text.”

28. Opposition to the New Deal Did the New Deal adequately meet the needs of the people…..was it too radical, or not radical enough?

29. Opposition to the New Deal Opposition GroupWhy they opposed FDR & the New Deal Communists & Socialists Conservatives & Republicans Townsend Coughlin Long Supreme Court *Read pgs. 202-203 and complete the chart in your notes

30. Communists & Socialists FDR was not doing enough!!! Demanded more government involvement

31. Conservatives FDR was interfering too much with private businesses Believed the government needed to stay out of business FDR was spending too much on relief Argued FDR had lack of experience, and was turning the U.S. towards socialism.

32. Francis E. Townsend Elderly doctor from Long Beach, CA Old Age Revolving Pension Plan Encouraged elderly to retire and leave jobs to young people, lowering unemployment Elderly given $200 stipend by government Bill was defeated, but lead to expansion of Social Security

33. Father Coughlin Fundamentalist priest with his own radio show Appealed to people’s fears/prejudices instead of reason Said FDR was not changing financial system Also blamed Jews for banking problems

34. Senator Huey Long Took control of Louisiana’s government by appointing his followers Share our wealth plan Opposed FDR because he wanted to redistribute wealth even more Appealed to the working/low classes Assassinated

35. Supreme Court Overturned NRA & AAA because it gave too much power to the Executive Branch Checks and balances Said taxes were not a good way to regulate agriculture (like AAA)

36. Conflict over the Judicial Branch During FDR’s first term, the Supreme Court had struck down several components of his “New Deal” economic programs. So…… In 1937, FDR proposed the “court-packing plan” (Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937). This would allow him to: – Add more justices to the Supreme Court – Personally appoint the justices Wanted to establish a pro-New Deal majority in the Supreme Court Opponents viewed this as an attempt to stack the court in his favor: not fair & would give executive branch too much power Overturned because of unpopularity Considered his biggest source of opposition throughout entire presidency

39. To what extent were Roosevelt’s policies successful? (pg. 207) SUCCESSESFAILURES