1. Revolutionary Movements in India, China & Ghana SSWH19

2. Map of India

3. Sepoy Mutiny  1856- Sepoy Mutiny  India was an important trading post to British  East India Company employed British army officers with a mostly Indian army (sepoys) to protect its interests  3 Problems:  General unfair treatment of sepoys  British passed law saying sepoys could be sent to fight in other countries  Enfield Rifle- natives believed biting off the end of the bullet cartridge would violate dietary restrictions (cows/Hindus & pork/Muslims)

4. Results of Sepoy Mutiny  After much fighting, British soldiers defeated rebel groups  Queen Victoria claims India as a British colony governed by Viceroy  Capital moved from Calcutta to Delhi

5. Indian Nationalism  Gandhi returns to India from South Africa in 1915 and joins the Congress Party  Satyagraha- “nonviolent fight for freedom & justice”  Used tactics such as boycotts, hunger strikes & noncooperation  1919- Amritsar Massacre (clip from movie)clip from movie  Congress party met in Amritsar (Sikh holy city) to protest British rule  British had outlawed large, public demonstrations  Soldiers fired on unarmed demonstrators with no warning, 300 died & over 1,000 wounded

6. Questions?  What is a sepoy?  Are sepoys Hindu or Muslim?  Why did Great Britain make India a colony?  What happened at Amritsar?

7. Indian Nationalism  March 12, 1930- Gandhi leads Salt March in act of civil disobedience (clip from movie &(clip 2)clip from movieclip 2  Before independence, Muslim League & Indian National Congress had to agree on leadership for India  August 15, 1947-India receives independence from Great Britain w/ Jawaharlal Nehru (Gandhi’s successor) as its 1 st Prime Minister  August 15, 1947- Islamic Republic of Pakistan (East & West Pakistan) is created  Partition led to chaos & violence in India  Jan. 30, 1948- Gandhi is assassinated by a radical Hindu

9. Questions?  Who was the first Prime Minister of India?  What does partition mean?  Why do you think the independence movement took such a long time?

10. Map of China  Label the following on the map Beijing, Nanjing, Sichuan Province, Japan, Mongolia, Soviet Union, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, India, Nepal, Korea, Sea of Japan, Canton, Manchukuo, Shanghai, Yangtze River, Taiwan, Jiangxi, Long March

11. Sichuan Rebellion  Qing dynasty led by 3 year old emperor and mostly controlled by European countries  Sichuan officials attempting to build Chinese Railroad, Qing regents attempt to take over the project and allow foreign financing. Rebellion ensues.  In response, Qing emperor abdicates his throne  1911- Sun Yixian “Father of Modern China” declared president of the new Chinese republic. New capital city would be NanjingSun Yixian  3 Principles of the People: democracy, livelihood & nationalism

12. Struggle for Power in China  Sun Yixian’s power was challenged by former Qing warlord Yuan Shikai  Sun Yixian forced to flee & Yuan Shikai assumes military dictatorship  Yuan Skikai agrees to hand over Manchuria and other lands to Japan because he cannot fight for control of China & the Japanese at the same time

13. Struggle for Power in China  Yuan Shikai dies; warlords control China  Sun Yixian organizes Kuomintang or Nationalist Party to attempt to unite China  Sun Yixian & Chiang Kaishek ask Russia to help fight against the warlords  1925- Sun Yixian dies  1926- Chiang Kaishek (with help of Soviet advisors & weapons) begins to defeat warlords between Canton & Beijing  By 1928- Nationalists control Beijing & China’s government

14. Questions?  Name the last dynasty in to rule China?  Who is known as the “Father of Modern China”?  Did Yuan Skikai establish a democracy?  Which party did Chiang Kai-shek belong to?  Were Sun Yixian & Chiang Kai-shek allies?

15. Struggle for Power in China  1921- Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was formed in Shanghai  Mao Zedong was one of the first members of CCP  At first CCP worked with Kuomingtang, but Nationalists worried about Soviet influence. CCP is almost defeated.  Mao retreats to the mountains and forms Chinese Soviet Republic.  Chiang Kai-shek sends larger and larger armies to attack Mao. In 1934, Mao forced to move and begins the Long March. Year long march increased Mao’s popularity.

16. Threat from Japan  1931- Japanese soldiers in Manchuria, threatened by Nationalist progress, launch attack against Chinese in Manchuria  Henry Puyi (child emperor from Qing dynasty who had fled to Japan) returned to govern Manchukuo- Japanese empire in Manchuria  China appealed to the League of Nations. League declared Japan at fault. Japan leaves League of Nations. Italy & Germany recognize new country of Manchukuo  2 nd Sino-Japanese War begins  Dec. 1937-Jan. 1938- Rape of Nanjing  WW2 keeps 2 sides fighting against common enemy

17. Struggle for Power in China  End of WW2 = end of cooperation between Kuomintang and CCP  Chiang fears Soviet influence  Kuomintang is well armed, but Mao has the people on his side with promises of re-distributed land  1949- CCP attacks Nanjing (capital of Kuomintang gov’t) by sailing across Yangtze River  Chiang begins a retreat with ends with the Kuomintang leaving China and creating “true Republic of China” on Taiwan in exile  Oct 1, 1949- Mao declares himself chairman of the People’s Republic of China

18. Questions?  Who was the leader of CCP?  Which group participated in the Long March?  What led the CCP and Nationalists to unite?  What type of government did Mao establish in China?  What type of government did Chiang establish in Taiwan?

19. Opener  What is the difference between indirect and direct rule in colonial Africa?  What impact did the style of rule have on countries as they gained independence?  Use pages 779-781 to construct an explanation of each. Be sure to include which colonial powers favored each method.

20. Ghana  Gold Coast- British Colony  1947- Kwame Nkrumah (educated in US @ Lincoln University) begins to work for full independence from Britain. Mostly non-violent revolution.  1957- Gold Coast becomes Ghana; Nkrumah named Prime Minister

21. Ghana  Costly improvements for infrastructure and social programs damage the economy.  Pan-African efforts competed for Nkrumah’s time.  1966- Army & police seize power while Nkrumah was in China  Power struggle has continued in country.  2000- 1 st elections held

22. Work Session- Learning Walk  Each group is responsible for explaining how their assigned country gained independence & how the legacy of colonialism impacted the new government.  Include map of Africa with country labelled, description of independence movement & colonial power, how colonialism impacted new government.  Countries: Kenya, Algeria, Congo, Angola, Rwanda

23. Opener  Be sure that your poster is finished and posted on the wall.  Read pg. 776-778 in your textbook.  Answer the following:  What does the map of ethnic boundaries suggest about the number of ethnic groups in Africa in 1913?  How was the struggle for land in the Boer War different from other takeovers in Africa?