1. The Science of Marine Biology and Oceanography

2. Objectives: Define Marine Biology and Oceanography Define Marine Biology and Oceanography Know why each is important Know why each is important Know the steps of the scientific method Know the steps of the scientific method

3. Marine Biology The scientific study of the organisms that live in the sea. The scientific study of the organisms that live in the sea. Why study Marine Biology? Why study Marine Biology? –Life on earth probably originated in the sea, the study of marine organisms teaches about all life on earth, not just that in the sea. –It provides: food, medicines, raw materials, offers recreational activities and supports tourism around the world! –Marine organisms provide much of the oxygen we breathe and help regulate the earths climate.

4. Oceanography Oceanography: scientific study of the oceans. Oceanography: scientific study of the oceans. –Includes several branches: Chemistry (water chemistry) Chemistry (water chemistry) geology (sea floor, volcanoes, earthquakes etc.) geology (sea floor, volcanoes, earthquakes etc.) physics (waves, tides currents) physics (waves, tides currents)

5. Uses Scientific Theory  A theory is an explanation of a natural phenomenon supported by many observations and experiments over time.  The results are always the same. The Nature of Science

6. Challenges Accepted Theories  Scientists welcome debate about one another’s ideas.  Sciences advance by accommodating new information as it is discovered. The Nature of Science

7. Uses Metric System  Scientists can repeat the work of others as part of a new experiment.  The metric system uses units with divisions that are powers of ten. The Nature of Science

8. Ask a Question  Scientific inquiry begins with observation.  Science inquiry involves asking questions and processing information from a variety of reliable sources. Methods of Science

9. Form a Hypothesis  A hypothesis is a testable explanation of a situation.  When a hypothesis is supported by data from additional investigations, usually it is considered valid and is accepted by the scientific community. Methods of Science

10. Collect the Data  When a biologist conducts an experiment, he or she investigates a phenomenon in a controlled setting to test a hypothesis. Methods of Science

11. Controlled Experiments  A control group in an experiment is a group used for comparison.  The experimental group is the group exposed to the factor being tested. Methods of Science

12. Experimental Design  Independent variable—only one factor in a controlled experiment can change at a time.  Dependent variable—results from or depends on changes to the independent variable. Methods of Science Dependent and Independent Variables

13. Data Gathering  Data—information gained from observations.  Quantitative data can be measurements of time, temperature, length, mass, area, volume, density, or other factors.  Qualitative data are descriptions of what our senses detect. Methods of Science

14. Analyze the Data  A graph of the data makes the pattern easier to grasp.  Even when a hypothesis has not been supported, it is valuable. Methods of Science

15. Report Conclusions Methods of Science  If the reviewers agree on the merit of the paper, then the paper is published for review by the public and use by other scientists.