1. Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology Introduction to Oceanography (Marine Science) MS 101

2. Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology Expectations??????

3. Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology 1- Multidisplinary Vs unidisciplinary? 2- Definition. 3- Why we study Oceanography? 4- World Ocean. 5-Ocean benefits/ uses. 6- Living resources Vs non living resources. 7- Extractive Vs non extractive resources. 8- History of Oceanography. 9-Trade voyage Vs Scientific Voyage. 10- Library of Alexandria. 11- Expeditions. Contents

4. Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology Activity #1 What do you think? Is Oceanography a unidisciplinary or Multidisciplinary Science? هل علم علوم البحار احادى الاتجاه ام متعدد الاتجاهات ؟

5. Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology Oceanography Oceanography is a multidisciplinary Science, one in which scientists with many different specialties must work together. For example, the life at the bottom (geology) of the ocean food chain (biology) depends upon nutrients (chemicals) which are often brought up to the surface of the ocean by waves and ocean currents (physics). We can study how the amount of life (biology) changed in the past by study their remains ”fossils” on the ocean floor (geology)……..

6. Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology Why we study Oceanography ? Earth is a water planet Over 97% of the water on or near Earth’s surface is contained in the ocean The ocean may be defined as the vast body of saline water that occupies the depressions of the Earth’s surface.

7. Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology Earth is the only planet with evidence of life and its water that creates this uniqueness.

8. Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology The World Ocean Area (10 6 km 2 ) Mean Depth (km) Volume (10 6 km 3 ) Pacific Ocean Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean 165.2 82.4 73.4 4.282 3.926 3.963 707.6 323.6 291.0

9. Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology How many Oceans Cover the Earth? Mention and enumerate Activity #2

10. Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology Humans began using the ocean long before there was a formal science of oceanography. Oceans contain resources which are of great importance to the future of humanity What are the uses of Oceans ?

11. Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology The resources of the oceans are: Living Non-Living Biological Physical Nonextractive

12. Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology Biological (Living) resources Are living animals and plants collected for human use It is the main reserve of protein food either from fisheries or mariculture…….

13. Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology the ocean was used for food Fish Squid seaweed clams shrimp

14. Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology Non-living resources Physical resources Result from the deposition, precipitation, or accumulation of useful substances in the ocean or seabed.

15. Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology 1) Oil and gases About 1/3 rd of the world oil and gas is pumped out of the ocean floor

16. Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology 2) Minerals - SaltsSalts - Magnesium - Manganese Nodules…………. 3) Desalination as source of freshwater Only 0.017% of Earth’s water is fresh and about 0.6% is available as ground water.

17. Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology 4) Marine Energy Result from the extraction of energy directly from the heat or motion of ocean floor.

18. Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology Nonextractive resources Coastal and marine tourism Transportation Coastal facilities; harbours …..

19. Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology - It is much easier and cheaper to move goods and people over the ocean than over land. -This was obviously true in the past, when the sailing ships relied on the free power supplied by the wind.

20. Dr. Amany A. Ismael, Ass. Professor of Marine Biology خريج علوم البحار معهد علوم البحار هيئة الصرف الصحى شركات البترول معهد حماية الشواطئ هيئة الثروة السمكية المزارع السمكية مصلحة الموانى والمنائر هيئة الأستشعار من بعد شركات الأدوية معامل التحاليل قسم علوم البحار جهاز شئون البيئة بيئة الأثار الغارقة