1. Student: Petar Georgiev Supervisors: Jean Crombois, Cosmina Tanasoiu

2. Presentation Structure Background Justification Stakeholders Case Study Why researching this field? Literature review Pluralistic vs neo-corporate model Background Demand and supply Comparative, strategy-wise Comparative, structure-wise Analysis Institutional context Stakeholders Strategies Theoretical Framework Q&A Further remarks Questions Data collection Data analysis Research area Methodology

3. Background  Pluralistic vs neo-corporate model  Debate over transparency and accountability  Discrepancy between corporate and non-corporate interest representation  Theory of Access (Bouwen, 2002)  Access goods  Transparency Register/Intereuro

4. Pieter Bouwen’s Theory of Access Emergence Approach Framework Access good Critical “access good” Supply and demand Applicability to personal research InstitutionCritical resource Ranking of dependencies European Commission EKEK>IEEI>IDEI European Parliament IEEIIEEI>IDEI>EK Council of the European Union IDEIIDEI>IEEI>EK EK = Expert Knowledge IEEI = Information about the European Encompassing Interest IDEI = Information about the Domestic Encompassing Interest

5. Institutional Context European Commission Agenda-setting Policy formulating Most important target Commissioners, structured units, civil servants Council of the EU Intergovernmental character Council configurations Domestic interests European Parliament Specialized committees Increased substantial legislative powers Ordinary Legislative Procedure (OLP)

6. Intra-organizational interplay Gatekeepers Treaties Institutions Transparency Register Mandatory register? College of Quaestors? Stakeholders Intra-institutionally Classification CorporateNon-corporate Companies and groups Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) Trade and Business organisations Think tanks and research institutions Trade unionsAcademics

7. Strategies to gain access Collective action Transversal lobbying Four main strategic options 1. Negative strategy 2. Defensive strategy 3. Reactive strategy 4. Proactive strategy “Revolving doors”

8. Methodological approach Data collection Primary data Secondary data Research span Case study peculiarities Data analysis Process tracing Historical analysis Stretch Bouwen’s typology to non-corporate sector Informal lobbying mechanisms

9. Case study: European Energy Union 1. Background 2. Current state of the Energy Union 3. Main stakeholders 4. Strategic options

10. Historical development of the energy policy area in the EU First stage (1946-1957) – coal; spillover effect Second stage (1957-1972) – cheap oil; no priority Third stage (1972-1985) – oil crisis; back on agenda Fourth stage (1985-2014) – attempts for a common policy 2014 – Ukraine crisis; wake up call to deepen energy policy and market integration; Council call and Commission Communication + Roadmap

11. Current state of the Energy Union The Energy Union strategy aims: ambitious climate policy, moving away from fossil fuel driven economy, harmonizing national regulatory frameworks, market efficiency Five mutually-reinforcing and closely interrelated dimensions: 1. Energy security, solidarity and trust; 2. A fully integrated European energy market; 3. Energy efficiency, contributing to moderation of demand; 4. Decarbonizing the economy, and 5. Research, innovation and competitiveness

12. Main stakeholders Institutional  European Commission a. Energy Union b. Climate Action and Energy c. DG CLIMA/DG ENER d. Respective cabinets  European Parliament a. ITRE committee b. Rapporteurs  Council of the EU a. TTE configuration b. Preparatory bodies (Working Party on Energy) Interest groups (…only a few) CorporateNon-corporate E.ON SECAN ENGIEOXFAM Statoil ASAWWF EU Eni S.p.AGreenpeace EU Unit Shell CompaniesFriends of the Earth BP p.I.c.Bureau Europeen des Unions de Consommateurs ENEL SpA OMVEuropean Climate Foundation Eurelectric BUSINESSEUROPETransport and Environment EU

13. (Comparative) Analysis European Commission Demand and supply for access goods Strategy to approach Organizational form – individual firm, national, European European Parliament Demand and supply for access goods Strategy to approach Organizational form – individual firm, national, European Council of Ministers Demand and supply for access goods Strategy to approach Organizational form – individual firm, national, European

14. Thank you for your attention!