1. THE PRESIDENCY Chapter 13

2. Learning Objectives Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 13.1Outline the requirements to serve as president 13.2Identify the powers of the president and explain how they are limited 13.3Describe the growth of executive influence 13.4Analyze why the president is so powerful during wartime 13.5Summarize how the White House is organized 13.6Assess presidential greatness 2

3. Presidential Qualifications  Constitutional Eligibility and Presidential Succession  Natural-born citizen  At least 35 years old  Resident of U.S. for at least 14 years  Twenty-fifth/Twenty-second amendments  Lame duck  Because a president in his second term cannot seek reelection Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3

4. Presidential Qualifications  Background and Experience  Kennedy first non-Protestant  Obama first non-white  Most have military or legislative service  The Expansion of the Presidency  Imperial presidency Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 4

5. Constitutional Amendments Pertaining to the Presidency Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 5

6. Presidential Power: Constitutional Grants and Limits  Commander in Chief  Power to Pardon  Treaties and Recognition of Foreign Nations  With advice and consent of the Senate  Executive and Judicial Nominations  President nominates  Senate approves Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 6

7. 7 Comparison Of Legislative And Executive Authority Under The Constitution

8. Presidential Power: Constitutional Grants and Limits  Veto and the Veto Override  Pocket veto  Omnibus bills  Entitlement programs  Other Powers  State of the Union address Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 8

9. Presidential Vetoes 1945-2014 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 9

10. Presidential Power: Constitutional Grants and Limits  Congress’s Ultimate Check on the Executive: Impeachment  Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton  Impeached but not convicted. Thus remained in office.  Richard M. Nixon  Executive privilege  Not impeached. Resigned from office. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 10

11. The Growth of Executive Influence  Presidential Directives and Signing Statements  Executive order  Signing statements  Power to Persuade  Bully pulpit  Agenda Setting  Head of state Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 11

12. The Growth of Executive Influence  President Theodore Roosevelt (1901–1909) described the office of the president as a “bully pulpit”, where presidents could use the attention associated with the office to make a public argument in favor of or against a policy. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 12

13. The Growth of Executive Influence Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 13 President Theodore Roosevelt was a larger- than-life figure who challenged corporate monopolies, sought to strengthen U.S. international power, and increased federal efforts at land conservation. He was known for using the office of the president as a bully pulpit to persuade the public to support his policies.

14. The Growth of Executive Influence Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 14 President John F. Kennedy was completely at ease with the press and held sixty-four press conferences during his time in office. They were televised, and not only White House reporters but also the American public looked forward to the lively exchanges between the press and the president, who was known for his sense of humor and ready wit.

15. The President in Wartime  Power Struggles between the President and Congress  Vietnam and the War Powers Act  The Iraq War  The Afghanistan War  Uprisings in Foreign Lands Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 15

16. The President in Wartime  Power Struggles between the President and the Judiciary  Lincoln and suspension of habeas corpus  Roosevelt’s internment of Japanese Americans  Bush’s war on terror Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 16

17. The Organization of the Modern White House  The Executive Office of the President  Chief of staff  The Office of the Vice President  The Office of the First Lady  Public advocate on policy issues started with Eleanor Roosevelt Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 17

18. The Organization of the Modern White House Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 18 As first lady, Michelle Obama kicked off a series of events to promote physical activity and engage children in Let’s Move, a campaign to combat the epidemic of childhood obesity. Here she is using a hula hoop to encourage fun exercise.

19. Presidential Greatness  Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1933–45): The New Deal and World War II  Altered size and shape of federal government  Created job programs  Expanded government role in regulating economy  Invented the fireside chat Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 19

20. Presidential Greatness Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 20 Franklin Delano Roosevelt faced the worst economic crisis in the nation’s history during the Great Depression. He proposed a series of policies known as the New Deal to provide economic opportunity and financial security in old age for America’s workers. Here people line up for food provided for the unemployed by private organizations.

21. Presidential Greatness  Lyndon Baines Johnson (1963–69): The Great Society and Vietnam  Focused on race relations and ending poverty  Obligation to guarantee civil rights  Lacked communication skills  Relied on negotiation skills Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 21

22. Presidential Greatness Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 22 Lyndon Baines Johnson proposed sweeping changes to the nation’s civil rights laws, as well as domestic health and welfare programs. Here he is seen signing the Civil Rights Act on July 2, 1964; Dr. Martin Luther King is seen standing behind him.

23. Presidential Greatness  Ronald Reagan (1981–89): The Reagan: Revolution and the End of the Cold War  Scaled back federal entitlement programs  Taxes cut/economy would flourish  Tax revenue down/federal deficits created  Firm stand against Soviet Union  Known as the “Great Communicator” Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 23

24. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 24 Here Ronald Reagan is seen at the Brandenburg Gate at the Berlin Wall which separated free West Germany from communist East Germany. It is at this spot that he uttered the famous words, “Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate; Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall.”

25. The Presidency and Democracy  President influenced by voters and Congress  President less accessible to average voter  President considered the political party leader Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 25

26. Gerald Ford's Pardon of Richard Nixon Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 26 Click picture to view video

27. Video Discussion Questions 1.What were Gerald Ford’s greatest political assets as president? 2.Did Ford make the right move in pardoning Richard Nixon? 3.Ford’s public approval ratings were low during his presidency. How do you rank him as president? Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 27