1. WARM UP 1.Describe how the different blood types affect how blood transfusions can be given. What blood types can give or receive blood with other types?

2. Hardy-Weinberg Equation

3. Hardy-Weinberg Rule G.H. Hardy –British mathematicican Wilhelm Weinberg –German doctor Analyze allele frequencies to see if a population is evolving

4. H-W Equation p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1 –p = A frequency q = a frequency p + q = 1 –p 2 = AA q 2 = aa

5. H-W Equation To solve for allele frequencies: –Find frequency of aa organisms aa freq. = q 2 –Square root of q 2 = q q = a frequency –1 – q = p p = A frequency –Compare A and a freq. over time

6. H-W Equilibrium No evolution is occurring –No mutations, selection, gene flow, genetic drift Allele frequencies will not change

7. H-W Evolution Equilibrium requirements are rarely met, so evolution is usually occurring somewhere –Mutation, selection, etc. Allele frequency is changing

8. WRAP UP 1.Write down the Hardy-Weinberg equation. 2.Describe how Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is different than evolution.

9. WARM UP 1.Calculate the R and r frequency for the handedness trait in the human population, which is about 8% left-handed (the recessive trait).

10. WRAP UP How do the numbers generated in the Hardy-Weinberg equation show evolution?