1. L.E. Bio Unit 3 Protists

2. belong to the Kingdom Protista, which include mostly unicellular organisms that do not fit into the other kingdoms.

3. Characteristics of Protists mostly unicellular, some are multicellular (algae) can be heterotrophic or autotrophic most live in water (though some live in moist soil or even the human body) many have method of movement ALL are eukaryotic (have a nucleus )

4. Animal-like Protists Protozoa are animal-like protists, that is they move and eat and behave like animals. They are heterotrophic Protozoa - name means "first-animal"

5. Examples of Protozoa: Ameba lives in water appear like blobs moves using pseudopodia "false feet", extensions of the cytoplasm reproducing by binary fission (mitosis) contractile vacuole - removes excess water can cause amebic dysentery in humans –diarrhea and stomach upset from drinking contaminated water ingests food by surrounding and engulfing food (phagocytosis)

6. Pinocytosis/Phagocytosis

8. Amoeba approaching small algae cell.

9. Amoeba prepares to ingest small algal cell.

10. Amoeba in the act of ingesting small algal cell.

12. Having absorbed algal cell, amoeba moves on.

13. Examples of Protozoa: Paramecium live in water shaped like a shoe have complex organelles: –contractile vacuole, mouth pore, anal pore move using cilia exhibits avoidance behavior reproduces asexually –(binary fission) or –“sexually” (conjugation) outer membrane-pellicle is rigid and paramecia are always the same shape ingests food through a mouth pore or gullet

14. Conjugation

16. Plant-like Protists: Algae Algae are plant-like protists, that is most can’t move and photosynthesize and behave like plants. They are autotrophic Algae - name means “simple plant"

17. Examples of Algae: Euglena live in water have a flagella for movement use chloroplasts for photosynthesis can turn into heterotrophs if they are kept in the dark has an eyespot used for sensing light and dark

19. Examples of Algae: Spirogyra live in water multicellular named after spiral shaped chloroplast autotrophic

20. Parasitic Protists Parasite - an organism that lives on or in a host organism and causes harm to that organism Vector - an organism that can carry a parasite, and is responsible for infecting other organisms (host) with that parasite. –Vectors themselves are not harmful, but in the battle against human disease, controlling the vector can control the transmission of parasites.

21. Parasitic Protists: Malaria Protist: Plasmodium The arrow points to the purplish colored protist (Plasmodium), the pinkish spheres are blood cells Anopheles mosquito taking a blood meal, this is how a human becomes infected with plasmodium and contracts Malaria Statistics: –The protist lives inside the bloodstream, eventually clogging capillaries and destroying blood cells, which will lead to death if not treated –According to the World Health Organization, 300-500 million cases of malaria occur each yearWorld Health Organization –Malaria results in 1.5-2.7 million deaths per year (much more than AIDS) –Most cases occur in Africa and South America Symptoms –include fever, headache, vomiting and other flu-like symptoms Vector: Anopheles Mosquito

22. Parasitic Protists: African Sleeping Sickness (or Trypanosomiasis) Protist: Trypanosoma Vector: Tse Tse Fly Statistics : –Occurs mostly in sub-Saharan Africa Symptoms –include fever, headaches, pain in joints -followed by a phase when the parasite infects the central nervous system, causing confusion, lack of coordination, and uncontrolled sleepiness. Without treatment, the host will die This slide shows a blood smear of a person infected with trypanosoma. The protist is the purplish colored string-like things. They appear string-like due to a flagella. The reddish circles are blood cells. This slide shows a blood smear of a person infected with trypanosoma. The protist is the purplish colored string-like things. They appear string-like due to a flagella. The reddish circles are blood cells.

23. Parasitic Protists: Giardiasis Protist: Giardia Transmission: –Drinking contaminated water (usually outdoor streams and other untreated water) Symptoms: –Severe diarrhea and vomiting, the protist takes up residence in the digestive tract. B = Protist, Giardia A = flagella

24. Other Protist Parasites Cryptsporidium - this protist was responsible for a major health crisis in Detroit when the city's drinking water became contaminated. Amebic Dysentery - also known as Montezuma's Revenge, travelers often contract this in other countries (causes diarrhea)

25. Questions for Thought 1.Does the United States have a responsibility toward treating and containing parasitic infections found in other parts of the world? 2.Why is controlling the vector important to control the disease? 3.One of the best ways to prevent many parasitic infections is to have a source of clean water. Why do you think many third world countries have more incidence of parasitic infection that other countries?