1. Immigrants and the Canadian Mosaic 1. We are all immigrants First Nations English and French 19 th century patterns 20 th century situation to the present 2. History of some world migrations Examples Refugees 3. The Canadian Mosaic Description Conflicts and stereotypes

2. 1. We are all immigrants First Nations: since the Ice Age English and French settlers since the 17 th century Various immigrations in the 19 th century, e.g., from Britain, Ukraine, Japan, China. Underground Railroad: see map

4. We are all immigrants

5. In 2008 the immigration rate in Canada was 6.01 per 1,000 (as compared with 3.52 per 1,000 in the USA)

6. We are all immigrants Saskatchewan is the only province where the number of people of British or French background is smaller than the number of people from other ethnic groups. Various European ethnic groups are found here, including British, German, Ukrainian, French, Norwegian, Polish, Dutch, Swedish, and Russian. The province’s Aboriginal population is around 130,000, or 8 percent of the total. Many other non- European peoples (Africans, Chinese, Indians and other southern Asians, and Filipinos) live in Saskatchewan as well.

7. 2. History of some world migrations

8. History of some world migrations

9. History of some world migrations Contemporary migration patterns

10. History of some world migrations

11. Refugees “ Boat people”

12. History of some world migrations Human trafficking

13. 3. The Canadian Mosaic Description - Mosaic versus Melting Pot - Uniqueness - Relativism - Visible minorities - Ethnic awareness Conflicts and stereotypes see video

14. Questions to ponder Is Canadian unity strong or weak? (Think of different regions and ethnic groups) Is there no national culture in Canada? Should immigrants be encouraged, or simply allowed, to retain their original cultures? From folklore to sharing of power: is mainstream society ready for this? Can Canadian schools possibly accommodate every group’s needs? (Think of school holidays) Multiculturalism versus interculturalism