1. Where Are People Distributed Within Urban Areas? Chapter 13: Urban Patterns Key Issue 2

2. Where are People Distributed Within Urban Areas? Models of Urban Structure – Concentric Zone Model (Burgess, 1923) CBD – center Zone in transition Working class homes Middle-class family housing Commuter zone – Sector (wedge) Model (Hoyt, 1939) CBD at center Industry around major transportation routes Low-class housing extending out from Middle-class residential bordering high-class or industrial High-class moving out from the center – Multiple Nuclei Model (Harris & Ullman, 1945) Multiple centers of of activity Ex. Port, neighborhood business, park Push-pull factors of areas – Parks vs. airports

3. Concentric Zone Model (Burgess, 1923)

4. Sector (wedge) Model (Hoyt, 1939)

5. Multiple Nuclei Model (Harris & Ullman, 1945)

6. Where are People Distributed Within Urban Areas? Applying the Models Outside of N. America – European Cities Wealthy choose to live in center of cities Many cities show sector format, as well – Ex. France Buildings are most often restored or converted to office spaces Suburbs in Europe often include large apartment buildings, worse schools, and poorer services than inner city areas Suburbs have become European equivalent to many “ghettos” or inner city dwellings (KI 3)

7. Where are People Distributed Within Urban Areas? Applying the Models Outside of N. America (cont’d) – Less Developed Countries (follow European patterns in many ways) Pre-colonial cities (ex. Muslim city & Mexico City) – Depended on culture but common themes: » Central market » Religious & wealthy surrounding center » Series of regions in circles from the center Colonial cities – Colonists either moved cities to a close location and built a new city or demolished existing city and rebuilt a new city – Cities often followed a grid pattern with a central market & temple

8. Where are People Distributed Within Urban Areas? Independent cities – CBD’s and specific features (beach/ocean views) attract wealthy to center and wealthy sectors – Workers and recent immigrants often live in far poorer and less desirable locations Squatter settlements – Cities cannot accommodate influx of people from rural areas looking for work – Squatter settlements – missing basic services (weak infrastructure) » No running water, no sanitation, no schools, no power, etc.