1. Understanding Images

2. Pixels pixels Every image is made up of very small squares called pixels, and each pixel represents a color or shade. Pixels within an image can be added, deleted, or modified. Pixel is made up of two words: “ Picture ” and “ Element ” Resolution: Resolution: refers to the number of pixels per linear inch. ▫ Books generally have 300 pixels per inch. Where monitors usually display resolutions 72 to 96 pixels per inch.

3. Pixels and Resolution high resolution If an image has high resolution, its pixels are so small that the human eye cannot make out the individual pixels when the image is printed. low resolution If an image has low resolution, images will look fine when displayed on a computer screen, but when printed, they appear a little rough and out of focus. pixelated If your eye can see pixels in an image, the image is pixelated. Low-resolution images display quickly on web pages.

4. Below is an illustration of how the same image might appear at different pixel resolutions, if the pixels were poorly rendered as sharp squares (normally, a smooth image reconstruction from pixels would be preferred, but for illustration of pixels, the sharp squares make the point better).

5. Graphic File Types File ExtensionFile TypeDescription BMP Bitmap Standard windows image format. BMP format supports many different color modes. EPS Encapsulated PostScript EPS Files can contain both bitmap and vector graphics. Transformed to almost all graphic programs. Editing is limited, but you can save in Photoshop as an EPS to transfer to another program. GIF Graphics Interchange Format Commonly used to display graphics on the web. It is a compressed format to minimize file size and transfer time. Good for logos JPEG or JPG Joint Photographic Experts Group JPG is used to display photographs on the web. Can support many different colors. Retains all color information in an RGB image. Good for photos

6. Graphic File Types File ExtensionFile TypeDescription PDF Portable Document PDF is a flexible file format based on PostScript imaging model. PDF’s accurately display and preserve fonts, page layouts, and graphics. Limited editing. PSD Photoshop Document PSD format is the default file format in Photoshop and the only format that supports all Photoshop features. Other Adobe applications can support PSD formats. RAW Photoshop Raw This is a flexible format used for transforming images between applications and computer platforms. No pixel or file size restrictions. Documents saved in Photoshop RAW format cannot contain layers. TIFF or TIF Tagged Image File Format TIF is a flexible bitmap image format supported by almost all paint, image-editing, and page-layout applications. Most desktop scanners use TIFF.

7. Photo Editing Editing or making corrections and changes to a photo involves a wide variety of tasks. Some photo edits: ▫ Resize/Refocus – cropping, enlarging, rotating, leveling, mirroring, complimentary editing. ▫ Enhancements/Layering – filters, layers, clones, borders, artwork, text, animation, painting. ▫ Color – correction, contrast, blending, resolution, black and white. ▫ Correction – sharpening, red eye, tears, correction distortion, retouching ▫ File Type – camera, raw, print, Web, animated images.

8. Photo Editing Keep design elements in mind. ▫ CRAP When movement or motion needs to be portrayed, it is common for designers to place a central object slightly toward one edge of the photo. With static photos such as a headshot could be displayed centered.

9. Cropping Photographers try to compose and capture images full-frame, which means the object of interest fills the dimensions of the photo. The goal of cropping is to make the most important feature in the original photo stand out. Can be used to level, or resize to an appropriate printing size. Rule of Thirds Most photographers/graphic artists use the Rule of Thirds when placing the focus of interest.

10. RULE OF THIRDS Draw 3 lines horizontally and vertically. You want to keep your focus on where those lines intersect