1. Towards ICT Enabled Land Administration System in India: A Case Study of Haryana 1.Kaur, Navreet, 2. Kaur, Ravneet and 3. Bhatia Anshul Department of Public Administration Panjab University Chandigarh India

2. Introduction Agriculture and its allied sectors constitute as the largest livelihood provider to the people in India and also contribute 13.9 percent of GDP. Land is an asset and is more than a social security, as it is also attached with their community and cultural identity. It is estimated that about 30 million cases are pending across various courts in the country and astoundingly eighty percent of them are civil cases and greater part of these civil cases are in some way or the other, land related disputes

3. Definition FAO defines land administration as the way in which the rules of land tenure are applied and made operational. Land administration, whether formal or informal, comprises an extensive range of systems and processes to administer: Land rights: the allocation of rights in land; the delimitation of boundaries of parcels for which the rights are allocated; the transfer from one party to another through sale, lease, loan, gift or inheritance; and the adjudication of doubts and disputes regarding rights and parcel boundaries. Land-use regulation: land-use planning and enforcement and the adjudication of land use conflicts. Land valuation and taxation: the gathering of revenues through forms of land valuation and taxation, and the adjudication of land valuation and taxation disputes

4. FIG-World Bank Declaration on Fit-For-Purpose Land Administration Fit-for-purpose approach was developed by World Bank and it includes the following elements: Flexible in the spatial data capture approaches to provide for varying use and occupation. Inclusive in scope to cover all tenure and all land. Participatory in approach to data capture and use to ensure community support. Affordable for the government to establish and operate, and for society to use. Reliable in terms of information that is authoritative and up-to- date. Attainable to establish the system within a short timeframe and within available resources. Upgradeable with regard to incremental improvement over time in response to social and legal needs and emerging economic opportunities and upgrading.

6. Policies in India Government of India has formulated many policies and programmes at Union level and State level. The Government of India has also adopted the e-governance strategy to make administrative system citizen centric. It has initiated various programmes, policies and enacted legislation for providing public services to citizens through e-governance Government has introduced e-governance practices in land administration. The Land Reforms (LR) Division has implemented two Centrally Sponsored Schemes viz.: Computerisation of Land Records (CLR) & Strengthening of Revenue Administration and Updating of Land Records (SRA&ULR). In 2008, the Cabinet approved merger of these schemes into a modified Scheme named National Land Records Modernization Programme (NLRMP).

7. Aims of NLRMP The NLRMP has 3 major components – Computerization of land record Survey/re-survey Computerization of Registration.

8. ICT Enabled Land Administration in Haryana The Haryana State Government has also initiated state sector mission mode projects with the view to promote e-Governance in the State. As per the NeGP Plan, State has implemented all the central level projects and along with that developing others state projects to provide better services to citizens. The major state sector mission mode projects are: Property Registration MMP-HARIS: “Haryana Registration Information System facilitates Registration of Properties & Land, Linked to Mutuations & Jamabandies.

9. Land Record MMP HALRIS Haryana Land Record Information System is a complete integrated workflow Automation System of Land Record component. HALRIS provide a Single Window Interface for deed writing, Registration, Mutuation, Jamabandhi and a copy of Right of Records (ROR). It has also been integrated with Spatial (Mussavies/Cadastral Maps) Data by customizing Bhu-Naksha Software

10. The Process Flowchart

11. Copy of ROR (Before Computerization )

12. Copy of ROR (After Computerization)

13. Copy of Digitalized Cadastral Map

14. Research Methodology The present study is based on both primary and secondary data. The secondary data includes books, newspaper, journals, Right to information Act 2005, Reports of Department of Land resources, India, Department of Revenue, Haryana. The primary data is collected through Questionnaire method for analyzing the opinion of citizens who availed land related services in E-DISHA. Two districts were taken for conducting this study. A sample size of 100 citizens (50 from each district (E- DISHA) were selected on the basis of random sampling from the two districts. The collected data is processed through Tabulation. The graphical presentation has been made in the form of Bar Graphs.

15. Findings of the Study Awareness about the service offered by E- Disha Centre to the Citizens of Ambala and Panchkula

16. Availability of Form in Hindi

17. Time taken to receive the requisite land related documents at E-Disha

18. Perception regarding delivery of Land related Services within the stipulated time period

19. Timing for availing services at the E-Disha Centres are convenient

20. Perception regarding simplification of procedure in availing different services

21. Perceptions regarding Transparency

22. Redressal of Grievances

23. Conclusion To conclude, the findings clearly shows that ICT had made land administration simpler and transparent, Accessibility of land records online and easy access to E-Disha Centres is the strength of land governance mechanism. Lack of is inappropriate mechanism to address their grievances related to the services provided in the E-Disha Centres is the weakness of this initiative. Providing computer education to the farmers through local bodies at village level can be explored to make land administration more effective and efficient in Haryana.

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