1. Concepts of Engineering and Technology BIOTECHNOLOGY Science, Technology, and Ethics Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

2. What is Biotechnology? The application of technology to the study or manipulation of living things. The application of technology to the study or manipulation of living things. Refers to techniques used by scientists to modify the genetic material of a microorganism, plant, or animal in order to achieve a desired trait. Refers to techniques used by scientists to modify the genetic material of a microorganism, plant, or animal in order to achieve a desired trait. Power to intervene in what might be thought of as 'the fabric of life'. Power to intervene in what might be thought of as 'the fabric of life'. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

3. We began growing crops and raising animals 10,000 years ago to provide a stable supply of food and clothing. We began growing crops and raising animals 10,000 years ago to provide a stable supply of food and clothing. We have used the biological processes of microorganisms for 6,000 years to make useful food products, such as bread and cheese, and to preserve dairy products. We have used the biological processes of microorganisms for 6,000 years to make useful food products, such as bread and cheese, and to preserve dairy products. In the last 40 years we’ve gone from practicing biotechnology at a macro level — breeding animals and crops, for example — to working with it at a micro level. In the last 40 years we’ve gone from practicing biotechnology at a macro level — breeding animals and crops, for example — to working with it at a micro level. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

4. The biotechnology industry emerged in the 1970s, based largely on a new recombinant DNA technique. The biotechnology industry emerged in the 1970s, based largely on a new recombinant DNA technique. Because virtually all cells speak the same genetic language, DNA from one cell can be read and acted on in another one — even a different cell type from a different species. Because virtually all cells speak the same genetic language, DNA from one cell can be read and acted on in another one — even a different cell type from a different species. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

5. What are the major fields in bio? Genetic engineering Genetic engineering Environmental technology Environmental technology Ecology and environmental problems Ecology and environmental problems Bioremediation Bioremediation Crop and animal breeding Crop and animal breeding Medicine Medicine Diagnostics Diagnostics Pharmaceuticals Pharmaceuticals Nutrition Nutrition Forensics Forensics Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

6. Categories Therapeutics : Therapeutics : Products that cure or reduce the incidence of disease. Products that cure or reduce the incidence of disease. Treatment of cancer, diabetes, HIV/AIDS and autoimmune disorders. Treatment of cancer, diabetes, HIV/AIDS and autoimmune disorders. human insulin human insulin Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

7. Diagnostics : Diagnostics : Products that test for the presence of various health or disease states. Products that test for the presence of various health or disease states. Examples include: Examples include: Cancers, Alzheimer’s disease, heart disease, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, AIDS and arthritis. Cancers, Alzheimer’s disease, heart disease, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, AIDS and arthritis. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

8. Agricultural : Agricultural : Products related to crop and livestock production, including genetic engineering, veterinary activities, and food processing: Products related to crop and livestock production, including genetic engineering, veterinary activities, and food processing: increasing yields and farm income decreasing pesticide applications and improving soil and water quality providing healthful foods for consumers Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

9. Bioremediation and new high technology applications : Bioremediation and new high technology applications : Bioremediation involves using biotechnology-designed organisms to clean up oil or other spills. Bioremediation involves using biotechnology-designed organisms to clean up oil or other spills. Researchers are creating new sources of energy and linking biotechnology with microelectronics, nanotechnology and other high technology industries. Researchers are creating new sources of energy and linking biotechnology with microelectronics, nanotechnology and other high technology industries. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

10. Bioindustry suppliers : Bioindustry suppliers : Specialized materials, equipment or services for other bioindustry firms. Specialized materials, equipment or services for other bioindustry firms. Such products include reagents (substances used in chemical reactions), specialized software, and technical instruments for gene splicing. Such products include reagents (substances used in chemical reactions), specialized software, and technical instruments for gene splicing. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

11. Procedures Genetic engineering, cell culture techniques, cultivation of microorganisms Genetic engineering, cell culture techniques, cultivation of microorganisms DNA and basic molecular biological methods DNA and basic molecular biological methods Fermentation using microorganisms in brewing, baking, and cheese production are biotechnologies that date back centuries. Fermentation using microorganisms in brewing, baking, and cheese production are biotechnologies that date back centuries. Production of human insulin in bacteria to treat type I diabetes Production of human insulin in bacteria to treat type I diabetes Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

12. Genetic engineering The collection of techniques used to: The collection of techniques used to: isolate genes isolate genes modify genes so they function better modify genes so they function better prepare genes to be inserted into a new species prepare genes to be inserted into a new species develop transgenes develop transgenes Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

13. Ethical and Social Considerations Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

14. Different perspectives by regulators, animal rights activists, biomedical researchers and organ recipients Different perspectives by regulators, animal rights activists, biomedical researchers and organ recipients Heart transplants are as radically unnatural as gene transplants Heart transplants are as radically unnatural as gene transplants 'if we can do it, let's do it' 'if we can do it, let's do it' Public suspicion about the reliability and independence of 'expert' advice Public suspicion about the reliability and independence of 'expert' advice Environmental consequences Environmental consequences Long-term effects Long-term effects Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

15. Ethical Topics Whether human DNA should be made patentable Whether human DNA should be made patentable Stem cells Stem cells Animal research Animal research Organ donation Organ donation Xenotransplantation Xenotransplantation Cloning Cloning Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

16. Ethical Analysis 1. Formulation of the dilemma; 2. Finding out the possible options of action in this situation; 3. Assignment of the optional actions to values that are touched by the action and reflection of the consequences; 4. Taking a justified decision for one of the options of action in respect to the reflections in step 3; 5. Assignment of the decision taken to one of the two higher categories of argumentation; 6. Description and discussion of the consequences of the decision taken in step 4 for the individual and for the society. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

17. Student Research Report Individual or team Individual or team Determines length and quality Determines length and quality Pick or assign a topic Pick or assign a topic Ethical controversies Ethical controversies New or cutting edge technology New or cutting edge technology Historical figure or event Historical figure or event Subject of personal interest Subject of personal interest Rubric used for assessment Rubric used for assessment Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

18. Research Use the ethical analysis to aid the presentation or report Use the ethical analysis to aid the presentation or report Analyze both pro and con Analyze both pro and con Defend moral judgments Defend moral judgments http://biotech.about.com/od/bioethics/Ethi cs_Topics_in_Biotechnology.htm http://biotech.about.com/od/bioethics/Ethi cs_Topics_in_Biotechnology.htm http://biotech.about.com/od/bioethics/Ethi cs_Topics_in_Biotechnology.htm http://biotech.about.com/od/bioethics/Ethi cs_Topics_in_Biotechnology.htm http://www.library.ca.gov/crb/96/07/BIOT _CH4.html http://www.library.ca.gov/crb/96/07/BIOT _CH4.html http://www.library.ca.gov/crb/96/07/BIOT _CH4.html http://www.library.ca.gov/crb/96/07/BIOT _CH4.html Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.