1. Year 10 IGCSE Fieldwork 2016

2. Identification of issue, question or problem. Professor Richard W. Butler's work in 1980 started a discussion about tourism carrying capacity and sustainability. He saw that tourism attractions are fragile and need to be carefully managed so that they are not allowed to exceed their capacity limits. Butler points out, tourism destinations carry with them the seeds of their own destruction. The trick is to manage tourism destinations so that they do not self- destruct.

4. Stage 1 1) EXPLORATION - a few hardy and adventurous people looking for something different in a holiday find a place that is special in terms of its culture, natural beauty, history or landscape. There may be no tourist services available and local people will not be involved in tourist money making activities.

5. Stage 2 2) INVOLVEMENT - local people start to notice that there are increasing numbers of people coming to their local area. They start businesses to provide accommodation, food, guides, and transport.

6. Stage 3 3) DEVELOPMENT - Big companies start to see the emerging potential of the area as a tourist resort and therefore start to invest money in the region. They build large hotel complexes and sell package holidays (a package might include travel, accommodation, food and excursions). This makes the numbers of tourists swell dramatically and massively expands the number of job opportunities for people in the local region, in both tourist related jobs and in construction and services

7. Stage 4 4) CONSOLIDATION - The local economy is probably dominated by tourism at this stage, and many local people will make their money from this type of industry. However, this can remove people from other industries such as farming and fishing and these industries can suffer as a result. There will be continued building and expansion of the resort BUT some of the older buildings will start to become unattractive and a lower quality client base might result.

8. Stage 5 5) STAGNATION - competition from other resorts, rowdiness and a loss of the original features (e.g. if it had a great beach but that is now crowded and full of rubbish) can cause the resort to stop growing. The number of people going levels off then starts to decline, threatening local businesses and services.

9. Stage 6 6) DECLINE OR REJUVENATION? From the stagnation point onwards there are 2 basic possibilities: Decline in various forms or rejuvenation (regrowth of the resort) Decline can be slow or rapid, and regular visitors are replaced by people seeking a cheap break or day trippers. Rejuvenation involves a cash injection from either a private company or the government, to create a new attraction within the original resort to boost its popularity - such as the Pleasure Beach at Blackpool.

12. Videos General - https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=84&v=klGM8qV3BFE https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=84&v=klGM8qV3BFE Blackpool – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wiG4uDr998c

13. Objectives of the study To collect data on the current characteristics of Douglas as a tourist destination and compare this data to the Stage 6 characteristics outlined in the Butler Model -

14. Is tourism in Douglas in decline and at Stage 6 of the Butler Model of Tourist Area Evolution?

15. So, what are the characteristics of Stage 6? 1.Unable to compete with newer tourism attractions 2.Holidaymakers replaced by weekend or day-trippers. 3.Tourism facilities replaced by non-tourism facilities 4.Hotels become retirement homes or flats for local residents. 5.Ultimately, the area may become a tourism slum or drop out of the tourism market completely. Anything here sound familiar?

16. How will we find out if our hypothesis is true? We collect evidence!

17. How do we get the evidence? We will collect data……….. 1. ‘Unable to compete with newer tourism attractions’ 2. ‘Holidaymakers replaced by weekend or day-trippers’ To collect data for these 2 areas we will ask a questionnaire and direct it at visitors and locals 3. ‘Tourism facilities replaced by non-tourism facilities’ To collect data for this area we will conduct a land use survey and then general comparison with older maps showing tourist facilities/activities, annotated photos/field sketches 4. ‘Hotels become retirement homes or flats for local residents’ To collect data for this area we will conduct a land use survey of any changes of use of tourist facilities or areas. 5. ‘Ultimately, the area may become a tourism slum or drop out of the tourism market completely’ To collect data for this area we will conduct an environmental quality survey and we will examine government data on past and present tourist arrivals

18. In our questionnaire (check your data collection sheet) 1.We will ask visitors and also local people who live, work and visit this area about tourism in Douglas 2.We will ask for opinions on changes that have taken place over time in this area 3.We will ask opinions on what exists in Douglas in comparison to other seaside resorts they have been to. 4.We will ask about what further investment could be made in the area

19. We will collect land use data on (check your data collection sheet ) 1.Tourist only land use/amenities 2.Land use and amenities that are not connected to tourism and 3.Land use and amenities that could be used by tourists and locals alike. We will also attempt to identify: 1.Any recent investment in tourism (evidence for ‘Regeneration’ – Stage 6 of the Butler model) 2.Any evidence of business closure/failure connected to tourism. (‘Decline’ – Stage 5 of the Butler model) 3.On our return to we will attempt to compare this data on land use and facilities with those in the past.

20. Environmental quality survey (check your data collection sheet) We will assess the quality of areas we believe tourist are in using a bi- polar survey at 8 different parts of the promenade.

21. Field sketch In the field sketch we will identify important features currently connected to tourism

22. Secondary evidence – Photographs and tourist arrivals figures 1.On our return we will examine photographs for evidence of visitor facilities. 2.Also on our return will examine the government figures for evidence of arrival changes over time 3.We will also examine the census to check for jobs directly connected to tourism