1. Political Pressure and Opposition to the New Deal

2. Historical Context Many people viewed First Hundred Days as a response to the national emergency Some sought to extend power of federal gov’t even more!! Others sought to lessen the power of the federal government

3. Varied Criticism There were economic, political and social critiques of the New Deal Economic: Deficit Spending and Regulation of Businesses Political: Federal Government too powerful Social: Diminishing Individual Liberty

4. Different Kinds of Critics Business Opposition Republican Party and Rugged Individualists Demagogues and Populists Critics of His Court Packing Plan

5. Demagogues A leader who makes use of popular prejudices and false claims and promises in order to gain power

6. Populists a believer in the rights, wisdom, or virtues of the common people

7. Business Opposition (Conservative) Wealthy business leaders were criticized New Deal because of…. High taxation on businesses Too much gov’t regulation Specifically opposed SEC and NIRA

8. Dictator Roosevelt? The enormous power and scope of the New Deal led some to believe that Roosevelt was like a fascist dictator Fascism: A governmental system led by a dictator having complete power

9. Republicans and Rugged Individualists (Conservative) Opposed deficit spending Opposed many direct relief programs Viewed New Deal as an attack on free institutions – Violated business owners (NIRA) and farmers (AAA) Diminished individual liberty

10. The American Liberty League Collaboration of conservatives Campaigned against New Deal Radicalism New Deal violated the respect for the rights of individuals and property

11. Father Charles Coughlin (Demagogue) Radio sermons reached 40-45 million listeners Favored a guaranteed annual income Supported nationalization of the banks Sermons were often Anti- Semitic Connected bankers with Jewish Conspiracy

12. Huey Long (Populist) Louisiana Governor and Senator New Deal did NOT do enough for the poor Strong supporter of public education Opposed the Federal Reserve System

13. Long’s Share Our Wealth Program Wealth redistribution program Tax Corporations and wealthy individuals Distribute that money to the less fortunate “Every Man a King”

14. The Supreme Court (Mid 1930’s) Made up of mostly conservative justices Ruled the NIRA and AAA unconstitutional Federal government was abusing its power over states and business

15. The Court Packing Plan (1937) Roosevelt wanted to add one judge for everyone over 70. New court would have 15 justices New justices would be appointed by Roosevelt

16. Critics of Court Packing Included Republicans AND Democrats Roosevelt was violating judicial independence Roosevelt was violating separation of powers and checks and balances

17. Legacy of the New Deal Today Conservatives Made federal government too large/powerful Stifled free enterprise Liberals President Roosevelt did NOT do enough to eliminate social and economic inequalities

18. The New Deal Today President has a powerful role in shaping the economy today.

19. The FDIC The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) continues to protect individuals against bank failures(up to 250,000)

20. The SEC The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) still regulates the banking industry SEC heavily criticized in late 2000’s recession

21. Social Security Federal government still assumes some responsibility for the social welfare of its citizens Still continues to have a major impact today Social Security also has critics

22. The New Deal Today (NLRB) The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) continues to act as a mediator between unions and employers See Video Below on NLRB ‘s Ruling in the Northwestern Football case http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1yznzuM 0UU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1yznzuM 0UU

23. KEY QUESTIONS 1.What did Huey Long want to provide for ordinary Americans? How would this be accomplished? 2.Why would Roosevelt be compared to a dictator? 3.Why did the Republicans not like that New Deal programs were mandatory to participate in? Examples? 4.Why did some critics use the Constitution to argue against the court-packing plan? 5.Father Coughlin accused the Roosevelt Administration of having a close relationship with large banks. Why did he not like this?