1. Overview of Video Production TURN OFF AND PUT AWAY ALL ELECTRONIC DEVICES 1

2. Class Content FCP X Training & Use Basic camera training and use Understanding media content creation Visual storytelling Communicating an effective message to a target audience Professional skills development 2

3. Grading Grade evaluation: Sections & Mid Term …........3 /100 pts. each Final Exam.....................................200 points Participation, Class Involvement….100 points Class Quiz Average……….............100 points Project Work Grade ………….........300 points PENALTIES Late work = C as best possible course grade Technology use during class…...... -100 Food / drinks in edit room............... -100

4. Textbook Free online video textbook Selected other readings Quizzes over each day’s reading 50 question exam about each week Content, study materials, assignments and reading on course outline 4

5. We use cameras as the tool to create an image with line, shape, form, texture, space, value and color. 5

6. Who can paint artistically? Oil on canvas Portraits, landscapes, abstract, etc. Materials – ‘media’ What about photography skills? Relationships to video communication?

7. Know how to handle the equipment properly and achieve proper effects of various controls (iris, white balance, focus, etc.) Develop the skills underlying good camerawork and sound production Convey ideas convincingly and use the medium persuasively Organize systematically: Apply practical planning, preparation, and production 7

8. ‘Smart phones,’ tablet computers, and computers are changing the way the audience watches television. Social media and apps are changing how people use and share information What’s next? -- ‘streams everywhere’? -- connected device? -- ubiquitous wireless? 8

9. Video productions can be shown on many different media Cameras that now have built-in projectors, graphics abilities Cameras that save files ‘in the cloud’ Cameras that save files ‘in the cloud’ ‘iPhone movies’ 9

10. Shooting circumstances will determine some of the cameras and mounts. In this situation, the production is being shot from a dolly. Is this a single camera or multi-camera production? 10

11. The flexibility of video equipment allows you to arrange it in many different ways from acquisition (the camera) to homes (the television) Modern equipment continues to eliminate position needs 11

12. But remember this: 12 There is ONE fundamental purpose for video equipment :

13. 13 ONE fundamental purpose for video equipment: To enable users to communicate their ideas to an audience. “It is foolish to learn the how without the why”..George Lucas the why”..George Lucas The question is – how do you edit the content? Live, live to tape, single camera This class: shooting & editing ‘film style’

14. What kinds of productions: 14 Sit-coms, TV dramas, live events – sports, certain reality programs; game shows, soap operas, newscasts, interview shows, demonstration shows, podcasts, movies, training videos… Why shoot & edit vs. multi-camera?

15. What is involved in communication? 15 Sender -- receiver -- channel -- meaning -- feedback Meaning: action, emotion, intent, character, organization Visual communication: line, depth, color, shape, size, meaning, connotation and denotation, sequencing of ideas, fundamentals of language Ideological battles: high culture vs. popular culture, profits versus art, power and manipulation --UGC versus ‘professional content’

16. Effective Visual Storytelling? 16 Critique this production: Promotional Video Promotional VideoPromotional Video Critique this production: Multicam field Multicam fieldMulticam field Critique this production: Multicam Studio Multicam StudioMulticam Studio Critique this production: Game Show Game ShowGame Show

17. Starting to plan... 17 Train for and apply skills for Final Cut Pro X: provided with script and raw footage, edit a TV News PKG Note: Reserve edit station, use only your station and sign in, no food or drinks in any equipment areas Start learning operations and build skills with field cameras. Develop your own script for a final production: TV News PKG or Promotional Video See course outline—start reading. Now, more specifics…

18. Camera Basics Theory

19. 7/3/201619 Shot Composition Rule of Thirds Point of View Angle High angle, low angle, high level, low level, bird’s eye view, canted / Dutch angle Cut off lines, look space, lead room, head room, eye line Terms: WS, OTS, 2/S, etc.

20. 7/3/201620 Transitions What is a shot? Fade / cut / Diss / Wipe / DVE Changing shots in a continuous shot Multi cam shoots vs. film style Real time to Filmic time Invisible / seamless edits Sequences Master Shot / cover shot Jump cuts / pop cuts

21. 7/3/201621 Camera movements Pan, tilt, truck, dolly, arc, zoom, boom/pedestal DVE Crane, tracking, feather, 360 shot, follow, swish pan, snap zoom

22. 7/3/201622 How do we create visual content? B-roll with nat sound, interviews, Voice overs, dramatic scenes. How do we 'create' b-roll when then is no event to shoot? ("The Ken Burns Effect") What are the standard techniques for shooting b-roll, interviews, and dramatic scenes? Visual storytelling--does what you have: drive the story? Build characters? keep the audience connected? accomplish the communication goal?

23. Shot Sequence

24. WS / MS / CU

25. Chest Shot, Waist Shot

26. Interview: 2-shot, look space, eye line

27. Worship and Music: shot sequences

28. Picture Composition Action Safe and Title Safe Areas Essential area – TV cutoff Field or angle of view Eye level, high angle, low angle Objective, subjective, presentational Content identification Framing

29. Action Safe & Title Safe Areas

30. Field or Angle of View Identification E.L.S. Extreme long shot Establishing shot L.S. or W.S. Long or wide shot Area of action

31. Field or Angle of View Identification M.L.S. Medium long shot Head to mid leg Person: full shot M.S. Medium shot Waist shot How’s the head room?

32. Field or Angle of View Identification M.C.U. Medium Close-up Shoulders shot / chest shot Close-up E.C.U. Extreme Close-up

33. Content Identification 1 Shot 2 Shot 3 Shot

34. Content Identification Group shot, crowd shot, one-shots

35. Axis of Action An imaginary line of action or line of conversation The 180 line Crossing the line

36. Axis of Action & Placement of Cameras Cameras to be placed on one side of the line to avoid reversed shots As direction of action reverses, viewers become disoriented and confused False reverse Cover it how?

37. Framing Good framing is the responsibility of the camera person Rule of thirds Headroom Vertical framing Horizontal framing Frame cutting points Position of subjects and objects X (hor.), Y (vert.) and Z (depth) axis

38. As noted: We use cameras as the tool to create an image with line, shape, form, texture, space, value and color. 38

39. Headroom Defined as the amount of picture between to the top of the subject’s head and the top of frame Subject’s eyes placed at approx 2/3 up from bottom

40. Vertical Framing Avoid too much or too little headroom Place eyes at 1/2 to 2/3 up from bottom

41. Horizontal Framing Place people in the frame with adequate looking room Place objects in slightly off vertical or horizontal axis

42. Frame Cutting Points Frame people at intermediate points between joints Avoid framing at the natural joints Chest shot, waist shot, knee shot Cut off lines Headroom & eye line issue Correct Incorrect

43. Positioning of Subjects and Objects Avoid straight line arrangements Place objects in a triangular grouping Place subject in a setting where there are objects in the foreground, middle ground and background – Z axis

44. Technical Aspects What are some of them? Is the picture quality good and matched? Is the audio quality clear and at a good level? Is the lighting even, sufficient and color balanced? Photography: The art of capturing and controlling light. Dark? You cannot shoot it. Does camera placement work with the set design and action? Ultimately, there are trade offs in many areas.

45. Can you believe what you are seeing? Check and adjust all monitors with good video signal -e.g. color bars (from switcher or camera) Output picture monitor should be the guide

46. BUT… The MONITOR may not be set correctly For AUDIO, we measure levels with _______ (what?) (not the monitor) For VIDEO, we measure the chroma with a Vectorscope and the luma with a Waveform Monitor

47. Matching Cameras Camera video levels should match 1. White levels 2. Black levels 3. Color balance 4. Chroma levels

48. Tools: Waveform monitor Waveform monitor displays luminance levels 100 60 20 0

49. Faces properly exposed fall between 50 and 80 units Tools: Waveform monitor IRE-Institute of Radio Engineers

50. Tools: Vectorscope Vectorscope displays chroma phase and intensity

51. Tools: Vectorscope

52. Tools: Proc Amp (processing amplifier) 1st: Color balance camera and set iris and gain 2nd: Use Proc Amp

53. Multicamera: Switcher wipe Check picture color balance, levels and timing with a switcher wipe between sources.

54. Video Switchers

55. Switcher Routes signals to aux, preview & output busses Switching multiple input sources on buses: -cameras, VTRs, computer graphics, etc Transitions: -cuts, dissolves, fades, wipes, DVEs -digital video effects Keying: luminance key, linear key, and chroma key,

56. VT4 Video Switcher

57. VT4 Components Switcher Input Buses Key Bus  Main Bus  Preview Bus 

58. Transitions Take or cut: Used when action is continuous in time and place. Cuts must be motivated. For music, cuts must be determined by the pace of music. D issolve or mix: Used for a minor discontinuity in time or place. Used to smoothly join different actions. Fade up or down to black: Indicates a major discontinuity in time or place. Indicates a start or end in segment or program. Wipe: One image ‘pushes the other’ on the screen DVE - Digital Video Effect: Used for special effects: “page turns” to and from graphics. Not for use with people. Too often over used.

59. Other transitions Snap zoom Whip pan / swish pan Invisible edit Rack focus

60. Camera movement Tripod, pedestal, bean bag, SteadiCam, dolly, tracks, jib, crane, robotics, drone Major moves: Tilt / Pedestal; Pan / Truck; Dolly / Zoom; Arc Tracking shot, follow shot ###