2. Perfect Tense At last! We will see how the 3 rd principal part of a verb is used. Hooray!

3. What is perfect tense? Let’s review present and future tenses first. Present auget = he, she, it increases Future augebit = he, she, it will increase Which principal part is used for these 2 tenses? augeō, augēre, auxī, auctus = increase

4. What is perfect tense? Let’s review present and future tenses first. Present auget = he, she, it increases Future augebit = he, she, it will increase Which principal part is used for these 2 tenses? SECOND augeō, augēre, auxī, auctus = increase

5. Let’s translate. (The verb is in PRESENT tense.) augeō, augēre, auxī, auctus = increase Copiam pecuniae auget.

6. Let’s translate. (The verb is in PRESENT tense.) augeō, augēre, auxī, auctus = increase Copiam pecuniae auget. He increases his supply of money.

7. This is the same sentence, but the verb is in perfect tense. Let’s look at this verb in past tense. Copiam pecuniae auxit. augeō, augēre, auxī, auctus = increase

8. Perfect Tense = happened in the past Let’s look at this verb in perfect tense. Copiam pecuniae auxit. He increased his supply of money. augeō, augēre, auxī, auctus = increase

9. Which principal part is used in each verb below?  auxit  liberavit  vidit augeō, augēre, auxī, auctus = increase liberō, liberāre, liberāvī, liberātus = free videō, vidēre, vidī, visus = see

10. Which principal part is used in each verb below? THIRD  auxit  liberavit  vidit augeō, augēre, auxī, auctus = increase liberō, liberāre, liberāvī, liberātus = free videō, vidēre, vidī, visus = see Let’s translate them. Remember: they are in perfect tense.

11.  auxit  liberavit  vidit augeō, augēre, auxī, auctus = increase liberō, liberāre, liberāvī, liberātus = free videō, vidēre, vidī, visus = see

12. Let’s translate them. Remember: they are in perfect tense.  auxit  he, she, it increased  liberavit  he, she, it freed  vidit  he, she, it saw augeō, augēre, auxī, auctus = increase liberō, liberāre, liberāvī, liberātus = free videō, vidēre, vidī, visus = see

13. Forming Perfect Tense Get the perfect stem 3 rd principal part without the “ī” Add the perfect tense endings:

14. Forming Perfect Tense Get the perfect stem 3 rd principal part without the “ī” Add the perfect tense endings: ī imus istiistis itērunt

15. Forming Perfect Tense Get the perfect stem 3 rd principal part without the “ī” Add the perfect tense endings: ī (I) imus (we) isti (you) istis (you) it (he,she, it) ērunt (they)

16. Translate each verb.  meruisti  tenuērunt  nuntiavimus mereō, merēre, meruī, meritus = deserve, earn teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus = hold, keep nuntiō, nuntiāre, nuntiavī, nuntiātus = announce, report

17. Translate each verb.  meruisti  tenuērunt  nuntiavimus you earned, you did earn, you have earned mereō, merēre, meruī, meritus = deserve, earn teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus = hold, keep nuntiō, nuntiāre, nuntiavī, nuntiātus = announce, report

18. Translate each verb.  meruisti  tenuērunt  nuntiavimus you earned, you did earn, you have earned they held, they did hold, they have held mereō, merēre, meruī, meritus = deserve, earn teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus = hold, keep nuntiō, nuntiāre, nuntiavī, nuntiātus = announce, report

19. Translate each verb.  meruisti  tenuērunt  nuntiavimus you earned, you did earn, you have earned they held, they did hold, they have held we announced, we did announce, we have announced mereō, merēre, meruī, meritus = deserve, earn teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus = hold, keep nuntiō, nuntiāre, nuntiavī, nuntiātus = announce, report

20. English to Latin? she has earned you (pl.) kept I did announce mereō, merēre, meruī, meritus = deserve, earn teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus = hold, keep nuntiō, nuntiāre, nuntiavī, nuntiātus = announce, report

21. English to Latin? she has earned you (pl.) kept I did announce meruit mereō, merēre, meruī, meritus = deserve, earn teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus = hold, keep nuntiō, nuntiāre, nuntiavī, nuntiātus = announce, report

22. English to Latin? she has earned you (pl.) kept I did announce meruit tenuistis mereō, merēre, meruī, meritus = deserve, earn teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus = hold, keep nuntiō, nuntiāre, nuntiavī, nuntiātus = announce, report

23. English to Latin? she has earned you (pl.) kept I did announce meruit tenuistis nuntiavī mereō, merēre, meruī, meritus = deserve, earn teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus = hold, keep nuntiō, nuntiāre, nuntiavī, nuntiātus = announce, report

24. Let’s practice some more.... Meus amicus in altā undā mansit.

25. Let’s practice some more.... Meus amicus in altā undā mansit. My friend stayed on a high wave.

26. Let’s try another one. Socius captivum liberāvit. liberō, liberāre, liberāvī, liberātus = free captivus, captivī = m., prisoner

27. Let’s try another one. Socius captivum liberāvit. The comrade freed a prisoner. liberō, liberāre, liberāvī, liberātus = free captivus, captivī = m., prisoner

28. Plumbum aquam non tenuit. plumbum, plumbī = n., (lead) pipe

29. Plumbum aquam non tenuit. The pipe did not hold the water. plumbum, plumbī = n., (lead) pipe

30. One more! Animal piscem vidit. videō, vidēre, vidī, visus = see

31. One more! Animal piscem vidit. An animal saw a fish. videō, vidēre, vidī, visus = see

32. Review shows an action that happened in the past uses 3 rd principal part, but remember to drop “i” uses English helping verbs “did” or “has/have” has different verb endings: iimus istiistis iterunt Canis latravit!