1. Noun Clauses Ch. 17

2. Noun Clauses Noun clauses are dependent clauses that can be used in place of a noun or a noun phrase in a sentence either as the subject of the sentence or as an object of a verb. All noun clauses have a subject and a verb.

3. Wh- Clauses Indirect Questions or Embedded Questions Even though they begin with question words, they use statement word order. I wonder where he is. She told me when she would arrive. What your final will look like is something we will talk about this week.

4. If/Whether Clauses Do you know where ____________ (Yuki/go) after lunch? No, and I don’t know what time ____________(she/come back).

5. I wonder why __________________ (the mail/not/come) today. Maybe I’ll call the post office and ask what ______________. Do you know what time _______________(the post office/close)?

6. Do you know when ___________________ (the chemistry exam/be)? Yes, it’s on Thursday, but I’m not sure when _________________(it/start) or how long ______________________(it/last).

7. I’d like to find out how much ____________________(this/cost). I’m not sure, but I’ll ask the manager as soon as I can find out where ______________ (he/be).

8. If/Whether Clauses These are also indirect or imbedded questions. They also use statement word order. I wonder if he left. I am not sure whether our final is on Tuesday or Thursday. I don’t know if we will have a quiz on this chapter.

9. Adding “Or Not” “Or Not” can be added to the end of if/whether clauses if the clauses aren’t very long. Or not CAN immediately follow whether, but it can’t immediately follow if. I wonder whether or not she left. I wonder if she left or not. I don’t know if we will have a quiz or not. I wonder if it will warm up or not.

10. Complete each sentence using if/whether clauses. Do you know if the bank _______________? I’m not sure if _________________. They’ve recently changed their hours.

11. Person A is getting ready to leave for work. A: I wonder whether ____________________. B: Take your umbrella if you’re not sure.

12. Person A is buying groceries A: Can you tell me if ____________________? B: I’m not sure if _______________ or not. I’ll ask the manager.

13. Person A is buying tickets for a concert A: I was wondering if you could tell me whether _______________________? B: There aren’t any seats left on that date. Should I check whether ___________________________?

14. Person A needs to put gas in his car A: Do you know if __________________ near here? B: I’m not certain if _________________. Maybe you should ask someone else.

15. Person A is planning a weekend trip A: I wonder if __________________ this weekend. B: I didn’t see the weather forecast, so I don’t know whether ________________ or not.

16. Wh- and if/whether clauses After Mental Activity Verbs Wh-clauses and if/whether clauses often follow mental activity verbs. Think Decide Know Consider Figure out Forget Guess Learn Notice Realize Remember Understand Wonder

17. Examples: I need to decide whether to renew my lease or not. I didn’t realize who she was when I insulted her. I don’t understand what we are doing.

18. Mental Activity These sentences usually express uncertainty: Common expressions of uncertainty: – I’m not sure…………. – I’m not certain……….. – I have no idea………..

19. Other common verbs followed by wh- and if/whether clauses Ask Demonstrate Depend on Explain Hear Notice Rely on Say See Show Tell Tell someone Write

20. Read each situation and complete the sentences with a noun clause. This is the first day of Sheila’s new job. She’s nervous on her way to work. – She wonders ______________________. – She’s not sure ______________________. – She has no idea ____________________.

21. Min-woo has seen the house of his dreams. He’s going to make an offer to buy it tonight. He’s been worrying about it all day. – He wonders ___________________________. – He doesn’t know ________________________. – He’s not sure __________________________.

22. More Practice Exercise C2 – p. 381

23. Indirect Questions Wh- and if/whether clauses often follow certain phrases to express indirect questions. Indirect questions sound more polite that wh- questions of yes/no questions.

24. Example: Direct Question: When does the train arrive? Indirect Questions: Can you please tell me when the train arrives? I was wondering when the train arrives.

25. Example: Direct Question: Has the train arrived yet? Indirect Question: Do you know if the train has arrived yet? I’d like to find out if the train has arrived yet.

26. Common Indirect Question Expressions: Do you know…………………? Can/Could you tell me………..? Can you remember……………? Could you explain…………..? Do you remember……………? Do you have any idea……………..? I’d like to know/find out…………..? I wonder/was wondering………….?

27. Turn each direct ? Into an indirect ? Using an if/whether clause Example: Did you have any trouble with the last assignment? Answer: I was wondering if you had any trouble with the last assignment.

28. Is the library closed during vacation?

29. Is the teacher going to show a film today?

30. Is the assignment due tomorrow?

31. Is the new language lab open yet?

32. Did I miss anything important yesterday?

33. Make up a polite ? For each situation that uses a wh- clause Example: You’re looking for a restroom. Polite question: Can you please tell me where the restroom is?

34. You’re looking for the baggage claim area at the airport.

35. You’re asking someone for the time.

36. You’re looking for the bus schedule

37. You’re asking a salesperson the price of a shirt.

38. You’re asking a salesperson the size of a pair of slacks (pants).

39. You’re looking for the manager at a supermarket.

40. You’re asking the clerk for the price of broccoli.

41. You’re looking for the history department on your college campus.

42. You want to pay your tuition bill, but you don’t know where to go.

43. That Clauses That + Noun + Verb I assume that he called. I think that George Clooney is hot. I imagine that my dogs are sleeping right now. I decided that renewing my lease was best for now.

44. Omitting “that” In almost all cases the word “that” can be omitted from that clauses. I assume he called. I think George Clooney is hot. I imagine my dogs are sleeping right now. I decided renewing my lease was best for now.

45. Unscramble the words to make a statement or a question with a that clause. Use ever word. The first word is in red for you. That has been omitted from some of the sentences. Example: Was/that/you/he/angry/notice/did? Did you notice that he was angry?

46. Predict/it/soon/happen/they/will

47. Help/I/some/need/I/that/guess

48. That/due/remember/my/is/rent/I/tomorrow

49. Proved/could/he/do/it/he

50. That Clauses After Mental Activity Verbs That clauses can also follow mental activity verbs, but some of the verbs they can follow are different from the ones that wh- and if/whether clauses can follow.

51. Mental Activity Verbs Followed by That Clauses Agree Assume Believe Bet Doubt Expect Feel Find Hope Imagine Recognize Regret Suppose Think

52. Expressions Commonly Followed by That Clauses: I’m not sure…….. I’m not certain………… I had no idea…………. I’m afraid…………… It appears…………. It seems…………..

53. Use that clauses to express your opinion about each statement. Example: Our community could be doing more to protect the environment. Opinion: I agree that we’re not doing enough for the environment.

54. Most people are basically honest.

55. Hybrid cars are a good idea.

56. You can’t really change someone.

57. All children should leave home at 18.

58. We learn from our mistakes.

59. That Clauses + Verb Tense Agreement

60. Present Tense Mental Activity Verb When the mental activity verb is in the PRESENT tense, the verb in the noun clause can be present, past or future. The tense you will use depends on the meaning of the sentence.

61. Example: I think it’s okay. (present + present) I believe she sent the letter. (present + past) I assume they’ll come later (present + future)

62. Past Tense Mental Activity Verb When the mental activity verb is in the past, the verb in the noun clause USUALLY takes a past form to express the speaker’s past perspective. I thought that she was sleeping I assumed he was happy when he called. I thought that the dogs were quiet when I was gone.

63. Past + Earlier Time in the Past When the mental activity verb is in the past and you want to refer to an EARLIER time in the past in the that clause, then you use the past perfect in the that clause. I knew that she had left. I believed that the dogs had been quiet. I thought they had bought the house.

64. Past + Later Time in the Past When the mental activity verb is in the past and you want to refer to a time in the past later than the time of the mental activity verb, use was/were going to or would in the noun clause. I thought she was going to come later. I thought she would come later. I believed I would fly home for Thanksgiving until I saw the airline prices. I assumed I was going to renew my lease.

65. Generalizations If the THAT clause is a generalization that is still true at the present time, then the present tense can be used in a that clause that follows a past tense mental activity verb. Columbus believed that the world is round. The first week of the semester I decided that my level 3 class is great. Last night I realized that my essay is too long.

66. Past Mental Activities that Took Place Quickly If a past mental activity took place quickly, the present, past or future tense can be used in the that clause. Which you pick depends on the meaning you are trying to convey. Last night, I realized that my report is too long. Last night, I realized that my report was too long. Last night I decided that my report will be too long.

67. Quick Mental Activity Verbs Decide Discover Figure out Forget Find out Learn Notice Realize Prove Recall Remember

68. Practice D2 – p. 386 Part A Only

69. Extra Practice: Complete the homework packet for extra practice with noun clauses. The answer key will be posted on my learning web page for you to check your work before the final exam.