2. Please Clear Everything from your Desk!

4. First you need to be born into an Estate…  How do you determine which Estate you will be born into? …By chance of course! Please read your card to familiarize yourself with your new estate.

5.  The Bronson Bucks assigned to you will act as your currency for the simulation  The more money you have, the higher your status and wealth within the community.  Send one person to grab the money  There should be a stack of money and 4 name cards at each table group.  Everyone should get one of the name cards. This will determine how much money you need. **There should be extra money – leave it in the middle of the desks  1 st Estate- $200 (2 $100)  2 nd Estate - $117 (1 $100, 1 $5, 1 $10, 2 $1)  3 rd Estate- $40 (5 $1, 3 $5, 2 $10)

6.  Because I, the Queen, do not want to anger my higher status citizens I do what I can to keep them pleased.  If you are part of the 1 st estate – you may take $50 from the pot.  If you are part of the 2 nd estate – you may take $20 from the pot.  If you are part of the 3 rd estate – Sorry, you are not part of the privileged class and will not receive any money  

7. Time to pay your Taxes…

8.  1 st Estate – You pay no taxes!!  2 nd Estate – You pay no taxes!!  3 rd Estate –  Pay $5 to the 2 nd estate  Pay $10 to the 1 st estate

9. Church Tithes are due  1 st Estate – you pay no church tithes!!  2 nd Estate – Pay $2 to the 1 st estate  3 rd Estate – pay $5 to the 1 st estate

10. Life in the lap of luxury  While the 3 rd estate is working, providing for their family and paying taxes and tithes the king and queen are seen buying wealthy clothing, gems, gifts and having lavish parties  If you are part of the 1 st or 2 nd estate come grab a piece of candy from the party

11. Continue living your life…  3 rd Estate:  You must work in the mills or on the farms  a.k.a. wipe down all desks/chairs at your table group! Yes… I’m being serious!  You earn $10 (take from the pot)  BUT… you must pay the nobles for allowing you to work on their land, therefore, PAY $5 (to the 2 nd estate)  You also must feed your family  Bread will cost you $2 (give to the pot)

12. Estates Debrief Please answer the following on a blank note card 1.How much money do you have? 1.More or less from when we started? 2.Who had the most? The least? 3.What are the problems with this system? 4.How did you feel during the simulation? You need to put all the money back in the same way you received it! Make sure there is a rubber band keeping it all together Have one person bring the money to Mrs. Parsons

15. Enlightenment Ideals

16. American and French Revolution  France help support the colonists  American Revolution and French Revolution very deeply connected  French ideals influenced American rebels  American rebels influenced French radicals who were unhappy with the monarchy  Rich/poor divide in France was at its worst

17.  Old Regime – the social and political system of France before the revolution  French society divided up into three estates or three classes  since the Middle Ages!  These estates or classes battle each other during the French Revolution, afterward during Napoleon’s time, and several more times  Basic problem – system is built on inequity

18. The Old Regime (Ancient Regime)  Old Regime – socio-political system which existed in most of Europe during the 18 th century  Countries were ruled by absolutism – the monarch had absolute control over the government  Classes of people – privileged and unprivileged  Unprivileged people – paid taxes and treated badly  Privileged people – did not pay taxes and treated well  Basic problem – system is built on inequity

19. First Estate  Made up of Roman Catholic Church clergy = 1% of population  Owned 10% of land  Taxes = 2% of income paid to government (voluntary contribution given every 5 years)  Collected Church tithes  Provided education and relief services to the poor  Scorned enlightenment ideas  Divided: high clergy to parish priests who were often poor commoners

20. Second Estate  Rich nobles = 2% of the population  Owned 20% of the land  Paid no taxes  Held high offices in government, courts, and the military 1.Nobility of the robe 1.status from office holding 2.Nobility of the sword 1.status as descendants of original medieval nobility  Disagreed with enlightenment ideas

21. Stop, Collaborate and Listen…  Why would the first and second estate disagree with Enlightenment Ideas?

22. Third Estate  Everyone else – 97% of population  Bourgeoisie (middle class) = 8% of third estate  Traders, merchants, artisans  Owned 20-25% of the land  Sometimes wealthy but paid high taxes  No access to power like the 1 st and 2 nd estates had

23. Third Estate  Peasants = 75% of the population  Owned 35-40% of land (over half had no land)  50% of their income paid in taxes to government and tithes to the church  Very bitter and resentful toward nobility (2 nd estate)

24. Third Estate  Urban lower class = 14% of third estate  Workers who lived in cities  Apprentices, laborers, servants, maids  Paid little, would often riot if food was not available

25. Economic Conditions under the Old Regime  France’s economy was based primarily on agriculture  Peasant farmers of France bore the burden of taxation

26. Stop, Collaborate and Listen… What are possible dangers or risks of being a primarily agriculture society?

27. Economic Conditions under the Old Regime  Poor harvests meant that peasants had trouble paying their regular taxes  Certainly could not afford to have their taxes raised  Bourgeoisie often managed to gather wealth  But were upset that they paid taxes while nobles did not

28. France Is Bankrupt  The king (Louis XVI) lavished money on himself and residences like Versailles  Queen Marie Antoinette was seen as a wasteful spender  Government found its funds depleted as a result of wars  Deficit spending – a government spending more money than it takes in from tax revenues  Privileged classes would not submit to being taxed  Jacques Necker  Financial adviser  Wanted to tax the 1 st and 2 nd estate

30. Why did revolution break out?  Enlightenment ideals  Bad harvests in 1787 resulted in drop in economic growth  Food shortages  Inflation  Mass unemployment  Debt from American Revolution

32. Your Task  One person from each table group needs to grab TWO textbooks  Individually read and take notes: pages 651-653  After taking notes you need to create a visual representation, on a separate piece of paper, of the three estates in France during the 1700s  It should be very clear how each of the estates are represented and their relation with each other and within the country of France.  You may not copy the picture that is in the textbook!  DUE: Tomorrow

34. What does this contemporary political cartoon say about conditions in France under the Old Regime?

35. Journal # 3  Reflect on the simulation yesterday. What emotions or thoughts were you experiencing?

36. The Three Estates EstatePopulationPrivilegesExemptionsBurdens First Circa 130,000 High-ranking clergy Collected the tithe Censorship of the press Control of education Kept records of births, deaths, marriages, etc. Catholic faith held honored position of being the state religion (practiced by monarch and nobility) Owned 20% of the land Paid no taxes Subject to Church law rather than civil law Moral obligation (rather than legal obligation) to assist the poor and needy Support the monarchy and Old Regime Second Circa 110,000 Nobles Collected taxes in the form of feudal dues Monopolized military and state appointments Owned 20% of the land Paid no taxes Support the monarchy and Old Regime Third Circa 25,000,000 Everyone else: artisans, bourgeoisie, city workers, merchants, peasants, etc., along with many parish priests None Paid all taxes Tithe (Church tax) Octrot (tax on goods brought into cities) Corv ée (forced road work) Capitation (poll tax) Vingtiéme (income tax) Gabelle (salt tax) Taille (land tax) Feudal dues for use of local manor’s winepress, oven, etc.

37. Government under the Old Regime: The Divine Right of Kings  Monarch ruled by divine right  God put the world in motion  God put some people in positions of power  Power is given by God  No one can question God  No one can question someone put in power by God  Questioning the monarchy was blasphemy because it meant questioning God

38. What the King Did Appointed the Intendants, the “petty tyrants” who governed France’s 30 districts Appointed the people who would collect his taxes and carry out his laws Controlled justice by appointing judges Controlled the military Could imprison anyone at any time for any reason (blank warrants of arrest were called lettres de cachet) Levied all taxes and decided how to spend the money Made all laws Made decisions regarding war and peace

39. Causes Poster  With a partner you will create a poster that visual reflects the causes of the French Revolution  This poster should look like a large web of images that connect and relate to each other to represent why the French Revolution started.  Please use a variety of pictures and limit the amount of words on the poster.

42. Louis XVI has to act  Estates-General  Had not met since 1614  Louis XVI forced to call it into session to figure out how to deal with this economic mess (he wanted to raise taxes)  Each of the three social groups was allowed to have equal representation – each were allowed 1 vote.  Q: Is this fair? Why or why not?

43. Estates-General  Government decides that the Third Estate, since it represents 97% of the population could have double the number of delegates (600 instead of 300)  Each delegate had one vote, so the Third Estate now had as much power as the First and Second combined  June 1789 - Third Estate declares itself a “National Assembly” which could pass laws for the nation

44. Tennis Court Oath  They find themselves locked out of the meeting, decide to meet at a nearby indoor tennis court  Vow to remain there until they had written a constitution for France  Several members of the First and Second Estates join them in the name of reform  Louis XVI calls out his mercenary troops to guard Versailles

46. Fall of the Bastille  Old fortress in central Paris  Rumors fly that Louis XVI is going to use army to shut down National Assembly  People start to stockpile weapons in Paris  July 14, 1789 - Mob attacks the Bastille looking for gunpowder and weapons  Seize control of the building, murder the prison guards and parade their heads on the end of pikes around Paris  Bastille Day (like the Fourth of July)

47. The Rights of Man  National Assembly adopted a statement of revolutionary ideas  Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizens  Influenced by the Declaration of Independence  “Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité”  “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”

48. FR Video

49. Homework  Complete the chart regarding similarities and differences  When finished, please write one paragraph, using MLA, explaining why you believe the National Assembly adopted many aspects of the Declaration of Independence.  Due: Monday 12/9