1. 1 D. LEFEVRE ASPERA MAY 2012 MEUST Environnemental Science Mediterranean Eurocentre for Underwater Sciences and Technologies Mutualised platform for Mediterranean observation. Observe and understand its functioning. Dominique Lefèvre et al. Division Technique UPS 855

2. 2 D. LEFEVRE ASPERA MAY 2012 MEUST Synergy - Mutualisation IN2P3- INSU - Infrastructure KM3NeT - IN2P3 Electro optical cable Junction box Telescope - Infrastructure EMSO - INSU Instrumented node Autonomous mooring line - Infrastructure building- INSU – IN2P3 Remote control of moored infrastructures Integration hall Storage Offices

3. 3 D. LEFEVRE ASPERA MAY 2012 MEUST EMSO-FR 07/02/12 3 MEUST SITES 4 sites are under evaluation With autonomous mooring lines ANTARES Prefered site

4. 4 D. LEFEVRE ASPERA MAY 2012 MEUST EMSO-FR 07/02/12 4 TDR KM3NeT Modulable, expendable at ~100 lines (~1 Building Block KM3NeT) TOPOLOGY OF THE SUB MARINE NETWORK 2 MEOCs 6 nœuds ~10kW /nœud Inter-Nodes link 2x3 km Phase engineering

5. 5 D. LEFEVRE ASPERA MAY 2012 MEUST EMSO-FR 07/02/12 5 Sea return electrode Manifold Junction box Pre- chambers Nœud: 16+2 ports utilisateurs 2 composants principaux : Noeud = Junction Box + Manifolds COMPOSANTS DU RESEAU

6. 6 D. LEFEVRE ASPERA MAY 2012 MEUST EMSO-FR 07/02/12 6 + bateaux et moyens d’intervention sousmarins LOGISTIQUE LOCALE MEUST Intégrée dans la restructuration en cours de la rade de Toulon Salle de Controle MEUST DT-INSU / IFREMER Pôle Mer PACA Future MIO Site commun

7. 7 D. LEFEVRE ASPERA MAY 2012 MEUST EMSO-FR 07/02/12 7 HROV Newlight ROV developped by IFREMER Deploy from a medium size ship Reduced crew for operations Adapted to KM3 connection @ 3000m Based in the Méditerranée, availability ≥ 2014

8. 8 D. LEFEVRE ASPERA MAY 2012 MEUST- SE MISTRALS - MERMEX -HYMEX -Hydrology -Biogeochemistry - Marine Ecology MOOSE -Long term survey -Time series Hydrochanges Hydrology Physics EMSO Network of observatories Geosciences Biogeochemistry MEUST-SE

9. 9 D. LEFEVRE ASPERA MAY 2012 9 European Multidisciplinary Seafloor Observatory Perspectives européennes : projet EMSO-ERIC. Constitution d’un GIS EMSO-France

10. 10 D. LEFEVRE ASPERA MAY 2012 MERMeX “MISTRALS” (Mediterranean Integrated STudies at Regional And Local Scales) For ~ 2010-2020

11. 11 D. LEFEVRE ASPERA MAY 2012 Multidisciplinary Science “MISTRALS” (Mediterranean Integrated STudies at Regional And Local Scales) « MISTRALS » is a French initiative to initiate a Euro-mediterranean project involving all the Mediterranean countries. Global Change Basin Scale Ecosystem functioning 10 Years Project Mediterranean basin evolution for the next century 1) Human habitat, sustainability 2) scenario for a better adaptation and/or mitigation

12. 12 D. LEFEVRE ASPERA MAY 2012 ANTARES toward MEUST What is on going … Geosciences –Seismology Ecology –Bioluminescence – Marine mammals Oceanography –Oceanic circulation - hydrology Biogeochemical cycles –Oxygen dynamics

13. 13 D. LEFEVRE ASPERA MAY 2012 In Situ long term survey of TS-O 2 [O 2 ] = C* = f(T, S, p) & Biological activity C* = O 2 solubility (Benson & Krause, DSR 1984) Bacteria O 2 consumption in the deep ocean  Apparent Oxygen Utilisation (AOU) = C*- [O 2 ]  C* value will be determined during the deep-sea formation at the ocean surface AOU is providing an estimation of the biological oxygen consumption since the water has left the ocean surface. [O 2 ] = in situ oxygen concentration  O 2 optode sensor CTD IODA 6000

14. 14 D. LEFEVRE ASPERA MAY 2012 14 ANTARES: Instrumentation Line Monitoring of environmental parameters since 2007 IL 07 ADCPCamera OM hydrophones CT ADCP Camera OM hydrophones C-Star O2O2 CT SV hydrophone RxTx 14.5m 80m 14.5m 80m 98m CSTAR light transmission CT = Conductivity- Temperature SV = sound velocity ADCP = Current meter 2 Optical Modules Acoustic positioning Oxygen meters 2 video cameras 3 storeys of UHE neutrino acoustic detectors Oceanography Bioluminescence Seismology Acoustic monitoring Environmental Monitoring

15. 15 D. LEFEVRE ASPERA MAY 2012 In-situ Oxygen Dynamics Auto-Sampler 2 O 2 optode sensors: 1 external and 1 internal 2000m depth Collaboration INSU IN2P3

16. 16 D. LEFEVRE ASPERA MAY 2012 Data Validation : in situ validation Monthly cruise to collect data to cross calibrate moored sensors. Could we developp a common strategy ?

17. 17 D. LEFEVRE ASPERA MAY 2012 2009 2010 Time Series and CTD Profiles Theta vs Salinity LIW WMDW nWMDW BW 2008 May 2007 Jan 2009 2009 Jan 2009 May 2009 Dec 2009 2010 Dec 2009 May 2010

18. 18 D. LEFEVRE ASPERA MAY 2012 Temperature, Salinity & currents time-series (IL07)

19. 19 D. LEFEVRE ASPERA MAY 2012 IL07 Oxygen Data @ 2300 m

20. 20 D. LEFEVRE ASPERA MAY 2012 IL07 Oxygen Data @ 2300 m L12 Oxygen data @ 2000 m – IODA Ext

21. 21 D. LEFEVRE ASPERA MAY 2012 IL07 Oxygen Data @ 2300 m L12 Oxygen data @ 2000 m – IODA Ext L12 Oxygen data @ 2000 m – IODA Int

22. 22 D. LEFEVRE ASPERA MAY 2012 CTD Cast Oxygen Data @ 2300 m CTD Cast Oxygen Data @ 2000 m

23. 23 D. LEFEVRE ASPERA MAY 2012 Oxygen Time Series : Toward a de-oxygenation of the deep waters ? IL07 @ 2300 m L12 @ 2000 m Yearly rate : 2.8 µmol O 2 dm -3 a -1

24. 24 D. LEFEVRE ASPERA MAY 2012 Average com Oxygen consumption rate @ 2000 m Average Consumption rate : 0.18 µmol O2 dm-3 d-1

25. 25 D. LEFEVRE ASPERA MAY 2012 Understanding How it works ? µmol O 2 dm -3 d -1 µmol O 2 dm -3

26. 26 D. LEFEVRE ASPERA MAY 2012 [O 2 ] = -2.8 µM a -1 Biology Remineralisation -66.6 µM O 2 a -1 ? Physics ? Diffusion + Advection Internal waves ? +63.8 µM O 2 a -1 ? [O 2 ] = f(T, S, p) & Biological activity & advection ? Internal waves? Is it balanced ? Net apparent change

27. 27 D. LEFEVRE ASPERA MAY 2012 acoustic modem 100 Base T 400 VDC NŒUD MEUST SE Depth (meter) 500 1500 1000 2000 2500 Inductive Data Transfer Acoustic release transponder Dead weight Buoy Acoustic transponder (MEUST acoustic field for positioning during sea operation) Acoustic Data Transfer 1000 BaseT Fx 500 VAC From MEUST BJ MII Inductive Data Transfer BJ  400 m NOEUD  50 m Acoustic Modem  2000 m Line 2350 m Sensors MEUST SCIENCE DE l’ENVIRONNEMENT une plateforme au service de la communauté Hydrodynamique – Circulation Biogeochimie Ecologie Marine Geosciences

28. 28 D. LEFEVRE ASPERA MAY 2012 Internet Database and Web site project for interdisciplinary development Database and Web site project for interdisciplinary development Antares Data Base Real time Antares Secure and user friendly interface. Data analyse and work space. (Analyse tools, elog book, etc…) Administration interface Public Pages Data Quality Data Meta Data Dedicated Web Server – Meta Data – Data Quality – Site Administration – … Local DB Real time Other Instrumented line as AAMIS ALBATROSS To other Data Base

29. 29 D. LEFEVRE ASPERA MAY 2012 Time Table 2012-2015 Récupération de la MII 2012 ? 2013 ?? Never ? Inductive communication 2012 1 er semestre 2012 Acoustiques Link Autonomous mooring line – Ship then MII like 2012-early 2013 Deployments on BJS of the MII and associated mooring lines 2013 MEUST node and environnemental scineces MEUST 2014-2015 ‘

30. 30 D. LEFEVRE ASPERA MAY 2012  ANTARES  MEUST  Infrastructure commune (Building & Water column)  Real time data...Lisibility & Reactivity !!!!  From 0D to 3D observation  Flexibility of access, reduces cost  Easy maintenance and reduction of Time Series breakdown period ! MEUST SE - KM3NeT

31. 31 D. LEFEVRE ASPERA MAY 2012 MEUST Community CEFREM Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerrannéens Division Technique UPS 855

32. 32 D. LEFEVRE ASPERA MAY 2012 “That’s one small step for Oceanography, one giant leap for Environmental Science”