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March 2016 doc.: IEEE 802.11-2016/0338-00-ay SubmissionCamillo Gentile, NISTSlide 1 NIST Channel Model for Conference Room at 83 GHz Date: 2016-03 Authors:

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Presentation on theme: "March 2016 doc.: IEEE 802.11-2016/0338-00-ay SubmissionCamillo Gentile, NISTSlide 1 NIST Channel Model for Conference Room at 83 GHz Date: 2016-03 Authors:"— Presentation transcript:

1 March 2016 doc.: IEEE 802.11-2016/0338-00-ay SubmissionCamillo Gentile, NISTSlide 1 NIST Channel Model for Conference Room at 83 GHz Date: 2016-03 Authors: NameAffiliationsAddressPhoneemail Alexander MaltsevIntelNizhny Novgorod, Russia+7 (831) 969461alexander.maltsev@intel.com Peter PapazianNISTBoulder, CO, USA+1 (303) 497-7078peter.papazian@nist.gov Kate RemleyNISTBoulder, CO, USA+1 (303) 497-3652kate.remley@nist.gov Camillo GentileNISTGaithersburg, MD, USA+1 (301) 975-3685camillo.gentile@nist.gov Nada GolmieNISTGaithersburg, MD, USA+1 (301) 975-4190nada.golmie@nist.gov Jian WangNISTGaithersburg, MD, USA+1 (301) 975-8012jian.wang@nist.gov Jae-Kark ChoiNISTGaithersburg, MD, USA+1 (301) 975-6049jae-kark.choi@nist.gov Jelena SenicNISTBoulder, CO, USA+1 (303) 497-6166jelena.senic@nist.gov

2 March 2016 doc.: IEEE 802.11-2016/0338-00-ay SubmissionCamillo Gentile, NISTSlide 2 Abstract This document presents results for the Quasi- Deterministic (Q-D) Channel Model* developed by NIST using measurements taken in a conference room at 83 GHz. *“Quasi-deterministic Approach to mmWave Channel Modeling in a Non-stationary Environment,” Maltsev, Pudeyev, Karls, Bolotin, Morozov, Weiler, Peter, Keusgen, Globecom 2014.

3 March 2016 doc.: IEEE 802.11-2016/0338-00-ay SubmissionCamillo Gentile, NISTSlide 3 83 GHz Channel Sounder 1 TX antenna Omni-directional in azimuth 45º beamwidth in elevation 16-antenna RX array 8 elements every 45º in azimuth at 0º elevation 8 elements every 45º in azimuth at 45º elevation Can extract three-dimensional AoA Each horn antenna has 45º beamwidth 2 GHz null-to-null bandwidth Robot-guided navigational system Can collect hundreds of GB of data in just minutes Can support use cases with high mobility Complete channel measurement sweep in 65.5 μs Untethered synchronization through rubidium clocks Tx antenna Rx array

4 March 2016 doc.: IEEE 802.11-2016/0338-00-ay SubmissionCamillo Gentile, NISTSlide 4 Conference Room Using laser-guided navigation system, robot generates floor plan (doors, tables, chairs, etc. also traced) Room dimensions: 10 m x 19 m x 3 m Tx height at 2.5 m, Rx height at 1.6 m Tx placed at corner of room Rx follows blue LOS trajectory within room, starting from Rx Home Robot-generated floor plan Photograph of room Rx Home Tx Rx Home

5 March 2016 doc.: IEEE 802.11-2016/0338-00-ay SubmissionCamillo Gentile, NISTSlide 5 Multipath Component (MPC) Extraction SAGE algorithm: Beamforming algorithm which combines PDPs from Rx elements to extract AoA based on relative delay of MPCs between elements Besides providing superresolution, it also deembeds the antennas from the measured response MPCs indexed in complex amplitude, delay, azimuth AoA, and elevation AoA Average azimuth AoA error for LOS ~1 º Average elevation AoA error for LOS is ~4 º RX array 0 10 20 30 40 Delay (ns) 0 10 20 30 40 Delay (ns) MPC 1 MPC 2MPC 3 MPC 4 MPC 5 MPC 1 MPC 2 MPC 3 MPC 4 MPC 5 PDP

6 March 2016 doc.: IEEE 802.11-2016/0338-00-ay SubmissionCamillo Gentile, NISTSlide 6 Measurement Aggregation One measurement over all 16 Rx antennas takes 65.5 µs to sweep From each measurement, SAGE algorithm generates power vs. azimuth-elevation-delay profile (only power vs. azimuth-delay profile shown here) Each MPC is shown color-coded according to power Using a single measurement alone, some clusters will not have enough MPCs for sufficient statistical characterization So we aggregate data from 8 consecutive measurements: 8 x 65.5 µs = 524 µs In 524 µs, Rx moves less than 0.5 mm, so channel quasi-static 1 measurement2 measurements 3 measurements 8 measurements Measurement 1 Measurement 2 Measurement 3 Measurement 4 Measurement 5 Measurement 6 Measurement 7 Measurement 8 Power (dB) LOS

7 March 2016 doc.: IEEE 802.11-2016/0338-00-ay SubmissionCamillo Gentile, NISTSlide 7 Cluster Identification MPC clustering arises from diffuse scattering of reflected component Cluster is composed of reflected component (AKA cursor) and diffuse components Using a single measurement alone, clusters not apparent When aggregating eight measurements, MPCs densify into clusters This facilitates cluster identification 1 measurement 8 measurements

8 March 2016 doc.: IEEE 802.11-2016/0338-00-ay SubmissionCamillo Gentile, NISTSlide 8 Simplified Raytracing Model At higher frequencies (e.g. 83 GHz), dominant propagation mechanism is reflection and resultant diffuse scattering Q-D-Model approach is to use simplified raytracing to predict reflected paths (AKA cursors) Given locations of TX-RX and the simplified geometry of the room, LOS and 1 st - and 2 nd -order wall, ceiling, and floor reflections can be predicted 19 m 10 m 3 m

9 March 2016 doc.: IEEE 802.11-2016/0338-00-ay SubmissionCamillo Gentile, NISTSlide 9 Dominant Clusters Most dominant clusters correspond with LOS or 1 st -order reflections predicted from raytracing Far side wall Front wall Near side wall Back wall Ceiling Floor LOS Predicted 1 st -order reflection Predicted LOS

10 March 2016 doc.: IEEE 802.11-2016/0338-00-ay SubmissionCamillo Gentile, NISTSlide 10 Non-dominant Clusters Most non-dominant clusters originate from 2 nd -order reflections Given the geometry of the room, 1 st -order and 2 nd -order reflections often overlap, making resolution between them difficult The remaining clusters arise from random objects such as chairs, tables, etc. Predicted 1 st -order reflection Predicted LOS Predicted 2 nd -order reflection Random cluster Random cluster 2 nd -order cluster 2 nd -order cluster

11 March 2016 doc.: IEEE 802.11-2016/0338-00-ay SubmissionCamillo Gentile, NISTSlide 11 Cursor Tracking between Locations Errors appear between the predicted and measured cursors because: 1.The geometry of the room in the raytracing model is not exact 2.The measured delay and angle-of-arrival have errors The errors are represented in the figure as ovals Although errors exist, the predicted and measured cursors move in lockstep For reliable cluster identification, the measured cursor is tracked between locations using the predicted cursor as a guideline Robust tracking is possible because the successive locations are only about 10 cm apart Location 1 Location 2 Location 3 Predicted 1 st -order reflection Predicted LOS

12 March 2016 doc.: IEEE 802.11-2016/0338-00-ay SubmissionCamillo Gentile, NISTSlide 12 Results: Automatic Clustering Automatic clustering algorithm identifies clusters Each color shown here represents a different cluster Each cluster is also automatically classified as LOS, 1 st, 2 nd, or random (R) 1 st 2 nd 1 st 2 nd 1 st 2 nd 1 st LOS R R

13 March 2016 doc.: IEEE 802.11-2016/0338-00-ay SubmissionCamillo Gentile, NISTSlide 13 Results: Cluster Parameters Power (dB) delay (ns) reflected component diffuse components Statistics reduced from each cluster identified Statistics aggregated across all Rx locations

14 March 2016 doc.: IEEE 802.11-2016/0338-00-ay SubmissionCamillo Gentile, NISTSlide 14 Results: Cluster K-factor Plots show distribution of K-factor for the LOS, 1 st - and 2 nd -order clusters The mean values are 9.9 dB for LOS, 5.2 dB for 1 st -order, and 2.9 dB for 2 nd K-factor decreases with cluster order, meaning that reflected component becomes smaller and smaller compared to diffuse component LOS 1 st 2 nd

15 March 2016 doc.: IEEE 802.11-2016/0338-00-ay SubmissionCamillo Gentile, NISTSlide 15 Plots show distribution of power-delay decay constant for LOS, 1 st - and 2 nd -order clusters The mean values are 1.8 ns for LOS, 2.3 ns for 1 st -order, and 4.3 ns for 2 nd As cluster order increases, power decays less rapidly because the reflected component becomes smaller and smaller compared to scattered component (smaller K-factor) 2 nd 1 st LOS

16 March 2016 doc.: IEEE 802.11-2016/0338-00-ay SubmissionCamillo Gentile, NISTSlide 16 Plots show the distribution of intra-cluster MPC arrival rate for LOS, 1 st - and 2 nd -order clusters The mean values are 0.40 ns -1 for LOS, 0.42 ns -1 for 1 st -order, and 0.41 ns -1 for 2 nd No significant difference witnessed between cluster orders 2 nd 1 st LOS

17 March 2016 doc.: IEEE 802.11-2016/0338-00-ay SubmissionCamillo Gentile, NISTSlide 17 Results: Cluster RMS Azimuth / Elevation AoA Spread Plots show distribution of RMS azimuth / elevation AoA spread for the LOS, 1 st -order, and 2 nd - order clusters The mean values are 4.5º / 4.4º for LOS, 6.7º/ 5.5º for 1 st -order, and 7.9 º/ 6.2 º for 2 nd -order Angular spread increases with cluster order because there is more and more scattering 2 nd 1 st LOS

18 March 2016 doc.: IEEE 802.11-2016/0338-00-ay SubmissionCamillo Gentile, NISTSlide 18 Results: Reflection Loss Plots show distribution of reflection loss for 1 st - and 2 nd -order clusters The mean values are 7.0 dB for 1 st -order and 8.4 dB for 2 nd Graphic above depicts one reason why 2 nd -order reflection loss is less than double 1 st -order loss Tx Rx Incident angles of 2 nd -order reflections are typically larger than 1 st -order reflections, hence less reflection loss

19 March 2016 doc.: IEEE 802.11-2016/0338-00-ay SubmissionCamillo Gentile, NISTSlide 19 Results: Summary K (dB) RMS azimuth spread ( º) RMS elevation spread ( º) Reflection loss (dB) µµµµµµ LOS9.954.371.830.940.400.194.492.124.411.87 1 st -order5.243.12.341.60.420.16.72.165.511.577.093.94 2 nd -order2.532.894.251.90.410.17.873.16.251.878.874.22

20 March 2016 doc.: IEEE 802.11-2016/0338-00-ay SubmissionCamillo Gentile, NISTSlide 20 60 GHz Channel Sounder Tx array: 8 antennas, Tx power (per antenna) = 22.3 dBm, Tx gain = 25 dBi, Tx beamwidth = 22.5º Rx array: 16 antennas, Rx gain = 18 dBi, Rx beamwidth =22.5º One measurement over all 8 Tx antennas x 16 Rx antennas takes 524 µs to sweep Can extract three-dimensional AoD and AoA 4 GHz bandwidth In-house, assembled, and currently being calibrated Start channel measurements next week Planning to do conference room, server room, and residential environment Should have preliminary results by May meeting Tx Array Rx Array System photograph IF measurement Voltage Time

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